Postoperative delirium is a common acute confusion state that frequently occurs in patients following surgery. It is characterized by fluctuating consciousness, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness. Postoperative delirium leads to cognitive decline and dementia, increases the risk of post-operative complications and mortality, and reduces patients’ quality of life. Since the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium is unclear and there is no effective treatment, early diagnosis and early intervention are key to preventing and treating postoperative delirium. Currently, the prevention of postoperative delirium is mainly based on non-pharmacological prevention and treatment, whereas some drugs are gradually starting to be used. In the future, efforts are needed to clarify the effect of treatment and to guide the development of a series of more effective and rational delirium treatment strategies adapted to specific national context.

This paper examines the correlation between depressive disorders and intestinal flora. Depression is a common affective disorder characterized by low mood, loss of interest, anhedonia, high incidence, high recurrence rate, high disability rate, and high medical costs. The incidence and harmfulness of depressive disorder are gradually increasing, and its etiology is complex and diverse, among which the abnormal intestinal flora is considered to be one of the causes of depressive disorder. This article reviews the results of several studies that found intestinal flora imbalance in depressed patients, including changes in the type and quantity of flora and changes in metabolic pathways. In addition, antibiotic and probiotic treatments have also been shown to be effective in alleviating depressive symptoms, further indicating the importance of intestinal flora disturbances in the pathogenesis of depression. We also explored the relationship between intestinal flora and the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. Through neuro-immuno-endocrine-metabolic pathways, intestinal flora can affect the function of the central nervous system, cause changes in the host’s mental behavior, and lead to or aggravate depressive symptoms. Overall, this study not only found differences in the intestinal flora of patients with depressive disorders but also revealed the potential role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis. Importantly, this provides a new theoretical basis for further clarifying the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and formulating diagnosis and treatment strategies.

To review the current research status of positive thought stress reduction therapy (PTSRT), psychosocial functioning of patients with depressive disorders, the shortcomings and outlook of the influence of PTSRT on positive thought awareness, and psychosocial functioning of patients with depressive disorders. This review has the objective to provide clinical healthcare personnel with essential information about the use of PTSRT to improve the level of positive thought and psychosocial functioning of patients with depressive disorders.

Objective: To investigate the effects of day rehabilitation exercises on patients with stable schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 80 patients with stable schizophrenia who had been admitted to Yunnan Psychiatric Hospital between July, 2022 and December, 2022 were randomly selected as the subjects of this study. The selected patients were distributed equally at random between a reference group and an experimental group. The experimental group received day interventions based on a traditional rehabilitation model, and the reference group received traditional rehabilitation measures. Results: Prior to the procedure, the values of the Nucleolus Organizer Regions Scale (NORS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were slightly different between the reference and experimental groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). After the intervention, the values of the NORS and PANSS scale were statistically different (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The day rehabilitation training improved the NORS and PANSS scores of stable schizophrenia patients compared to traditional rehabilitation methods.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the changes of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum, P300 latency and amplitude at different frequency bands and the severity of depressive episode in adolescents who were hospitalized for the first time. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 126 adolescent patients with depressive episodes who were hospitalized for the first time in the Department of Children and Adolescents of Yunnan Psychiatric Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. According to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the patients were divided into three groups: mild depression group (43 cases), moderate depression group (42 cases) and severe depression group (41 cases). The distribution of the 16-lead power spectrum of α, θ, and δ waves in EEG, as well as the latency and amplitude of P300, were compared among the three groups. The association between adolescent depression and its severity was analyzed. Results: (1) The EEG power distribution of the three groups was different in the frequency bands of α, θ and δ (P＜0.05). There were differences in the α, θ, and δ frequency bands between mild and moderate as well as severe depressive episodes, and between moderate and severe depressive episodes in the θ and δ frequency bands. (2) P300, N2 latency and P300 amplitude: There were significant differences among the three groups (P＜0.05). (3) δFP1, θF3, θC4, P300 latency and N2 latency were positively correlated with the degree of depression; P300 amplitude and α02 were negatively correlated with the degree of depression. (4) The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area of P300 amplitude was 0.932, and the area under the curve of α02 was 0.776. Conclusion: The combination of resting EEG power and P300 can be used as a biomarker to assess the severity of a depressive episode in adolescents who are hospitalized for the first time and provide a new strategy for treatment.