Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2023508

2024, Vol. 11

Issue (1) : 155-168 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2023508

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

Samuel J. CUSWORTH¹(

), William J. DAVIES¹, Martin R. MCAINSH¹, Carly J. STEVENS¹, Weilu WANG²

¹. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
². The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

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Abstract

● Macro-, micro- and nanoplastic pollution in agricultural soils threaten long-term crop production and environmental health in China.

● Resolving the existing issues with plasticulture in China requires holistic solutions that target plastic production, use and waste management.

● Mechanisms for change must focus on education, incentivization and the development of infrastructure to positively reinforce the procurement, management and disposal of agriplastics.

● The sustainable intensification of plasticulture in Chinese agricultural production systems is key to achieving long-term food and eco-security in China.

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics, specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

Keywords Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Corresponding Author(s): Samuel J. CUSWORTH

Just Accepted Date: 09 June 2023 Online First Date: 07 July 2023 Issue Date: 08 March 2024

Cite this article:

Samuel J. CUSWORTH,William J. DAVIES,Martin R. MCAINSH, et al. Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(1): 155-168.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2023508
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2024/V11/I1/155

Mechanism	Description
Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promoting Clean Production, 2002	Agricultural producers are encouraged to use agricultural films in a scientific way to improve agricultural productivity, while preventing agricultural environmental pollution
Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China, 2009	This law was established to raise resources utilization rate, protect and improve the environment and sustain development
Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, 2016	This action plan strategized improvement of the recycling of abandoned agricultural film, revise standards for agricultural film thickness and test the viability of degradable alternatives to reduce plastic pollution in soil
Biodegradable Mulching Film for Agricultural Uses (GB/T35795-2017), 2017	Following the promotion of biodegradable mulch films, this standard was created to evaluate the performance, safety and characteristics of biodegradable alternatives. The standard specifies the requirements for production, use and the management of biodegradable mulch films
Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, 2018	This is a development on the previous action plan to make 95% of polluted arable land safe for use by 2030. By 2020, more than 80% of all agricultural plastic waste should be recycled. Farmers responsible for plastic pollution in soil must bear the costs of investigating, remediating and managing soil contamination
National Mulch Film Standard, 2018	This standard requires the thickness of agricultural mulch film to be no less than 0.01 mm, to reduce soil pollution and improve collection rates
Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, 2019	Updated regulations that require the use of thicker, better quality mulch film that remains structurally intact once used. The action plan bans the production, sale and use of mulch film with a thickness less than 0.01 mm. Mulch film should be reused, collected and recycled where possible. Incentives are to be provided to encourage the use of biodegradable mulch
Notice on making solid progress in the treatment of plastic pollution, 2020	This notice requires that each province should provide a detailed and feasible plan to improve the recycling of waste agricultural film. Provinces should investigate and punish those producing or using agricultural film with a thickness less than 0.01 mm
China’s National Green Agriculture Development Plan, 2021 (14th Five Year Plan)	The plan aims to strengthen the control of plastic pollution from plastic agricultural films. An increase in the collection rate of agricultural plastic film to 85% by 2025 is expected. This plan includes the development of pilot projects for agricultural pollution control as well as the supervision and provision of guidance to better manage and control agricultural pollution

Tab.1 Main policies, strategies and legislative instruments to address plastic pollution in China

Fig.1 Plastic mulch film used for maize cultivation in north-western China. The mulch film is left to degrade into the soil once the maize crop grows through the film and matures.

Fig.2 Steel-framed, multilayered polyvinyl chloride covered greenhouses used for the production of fruit and vegetables in spring and autumn. The plastic film is buried in the ground to secure the structure.

Tab.2 Average annual growth rate of agricultural production and plastic use in China

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