Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China: progress and prospects

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2024551

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 11

Issue (2) : 216-228 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2024551

Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China: progress and prospects

Guangzhou WANG¹(

), Gang NI¹, Gu FENG¹, Haley M. BURRILL², Jianfang LI¹, Junling ZHANG¹, Fusuo ZHANG¹

¹. State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management (SKLNUM), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
². The Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA

Download: PDF(6349 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

● Saline-alkali land is an important underutilized resource in China that could complement arable land and maintain the food security.

● China has made great progress in saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization, and developed customized technologies for these soils.

● In the future, comprehensive management strategies should be implemented by integrating traditional saline-alkali soil management practices and new technologies to increase crop tolerance.

Soil salinity is a global threat to the productivity of arable land. With the impact of population growth and development of social economy in China, the area of arable land has been shrinking in recent decades and is approaching a critical threshold of 120 Mha, the minimum area for maintaining the national food security. Saline-alkaline land, as important backup reserve, has been receiving increased attention as an opportunity to expand land resources. This review first summarizes the general principles and technologies of saline soil reclamation to support plant growth, including leaching salts or blocking the rise of salts, and soil fertility enhancement to improve the buffering capacity. Then the progress in this area in China is described including the customization of technologies and practices used in different saline-alkali regions. Following the soil management strategies, the concept of selecting crops for saline soil is proposed. This encompasses halophyte planting, salt-tolerant crop breeding and the application of saline-adapted functional microorganisms to improve the adaptation of crops. Finally, the current problems and challenges are evaluate, and future research directions and prospects proposed for managing this major soil constraint.

Keywords Food security land reserve reclamation saline-alkali soil utilization

Corresponding Author(s): Guangzhou WANG

Just Accepted Date: 07 March 2024 Online First Date: 18 March 2024 Issue Date: 13 June 2024

Cite this article:

Guangzhou WANG,Gang NI,Gu FENG, et al. Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China: progress and prospects[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(2): 216-228.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2024551
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2024/V11/I2/216

Fig.1 Basic principles and techniques of saline-alkali land reclamation and management.

Fig.2 Pattern of soil accumulation and safe zone for crop planting in different furrow irrigation systems: (a) sloping bed when furrow irrigation in the middle; (b) sloping bed when furrow irrigation on both sides; (c) and (d) flatbed when furrow irrigation on both sides; (e) flatbed when furrow irrigation on either side.

Tab.1 The soil type, typical problem, climate characteristics and provinces affected in different saline-alkali regions

Fig.3 Mulched drip irrigation technology (a) and paddy rice planting technology (b).

Fig.4 Crop breeding and associated plant-promotion microbes to improve the adaptation of crop to saline-alkali stress.

Fig.5 Prospects of future saline-alkali land utilization and management.

1	Abrol I P, Yadav J S P, Massoud F I. Salt-affected Soils and Their Management. Soils Bulletin 39. Rome: FAO, 1988
2	Szabolcs I. Salt-affected soils. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1989
3	J, Yang R Yao . Management and efficient agricultural utilization of salt-affected soil in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2015, 30: 162–170
4	K, Li Q, Li Y, Geng C Liu . An evaluation of the effects of microstructural characteristics and frost heave on the remediation of saline-alkali soils in the Yellow River Delta, China. Land Degradation & Development, 2021, 32(3): 1325–1337 https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3801
5	S, Fang W, Tu L, Mu Z, Sun Q, Hu Y Yang . Saline alkali water desalination project in Southern Xinjiang of China: a review of desalination planning, desalination schemes and economic analysis. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 113: 109268 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109268
6	H, Dong X, Kong W, Li W, Tang D Zhang . Effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on cotton yield and uptake of major nutrients in two fields with varying fertility. Field Crops Research, 2010, 119(1): 106–113 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.06.019
7	A, Borzouei A, Eskandari M, Kafi A, Mousavishalmani A Khorasani . Wheat yield, some physiological traits and nitrogen use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology/Official Publication of the Indian Society for Plant Physiology, 2014, 19(1): 21–27 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-014-0064-0
8	D, Zhang W, Li C, Xin W, Tang A E, Eneji H Dong . Lint yield and nitrogen use efficiency of field-grown cotton vary with soil salinity and nitrogen application rate. Field Crops Research, 2012, 138: 63–70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.013
9	M, Tejada C, Garcia J L, Gonzalez M T Hernandez . Use of organic amendment as a strategy for saline soil remediation: influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2006, 38(6): 1413–1421 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.10.017
10	D N, Rietz R J Haynes . Effects of irrigation-induced salinity and sodicity on soil microbial activity. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003, 35(6): 845–854 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00125-1
11	C, García T Hernández . Influence of salinity on the biological and biochemical activity of a calciorthird soil. Plant and Soil, 1996, 178: 255–263 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011591
12	A, Bargaz R M A, Nassar M M, Rady M S, Gaballah S M, Thompson M, Brestic U, Schmidhalter M T Abdelhamid . Improved salinity tolerance by phosphorus fertilizer in two Phaseolus vulgaris recombinant inbred lines contrasting in their P‐efficiency. Journal Agronomy & Crop Science, 2016, 202(6): 497–507 https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12181
13	X X, Wang S, Liu S, Zhang H, Li B, Maimaitiaili G, Feng Z Rengel . Localized ammonium and phosphorus fertilization can improve cotton lint yield by decreasing rhizosphere soil pH and salinity. Field Crops Research, 2018, 217: 75–81 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.12.011
14	Y, Ouni T, Ghnaya F, Montemurro C, Abdelly A Lakhdar . The role of humic substances in mitigating the harmful effects of soil salinity and improve plant productivity. International Journal of Plant Production, 2014, 8(3): 353–374
15	S K, Bello A H, Alayafi S G, AL-Solaimani K A M Abo-Elyousr . Mitigating soil salinity stress with gypsum and bio-organic amendments: a review. Agronomy, 2021, 11(9): 1735 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091735
16	J, Nan X, Chen X, Wang M S, Lashari Y, Wang Z, Guo Z Du . Effects of applying flue gas desulfurization gypsum and humic acid on soil physicochemical properties and rapeseed yield of a saline-sodic cropland in the eastern coastal area of China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2016, 16(1): 38–50 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1186-3
17	Z, Ding A M S, Kheir O A M, Ali E M, Hafez E A, ElShamey Z, Zhou B, Wang X, Lin Y, Ge A E, Fahmy M F Seleiman . A vermicompost and deep tillage system to improve saline-sodic soil quality and wheat productivity. Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 277: 111388 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111388
18	Z, Bai H, Liu T, Wang P, Gong H, Li L, Li B, Xue M, Cao J, Feng Y Xu . Effect of smashing ridge tillage depth on soil water, salinity, and yield in saline cotton fields in South Xinjiang, China. Water, 2021, 13(24): 3592 https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243592
19	Zaman M, Shahid S A, Heng L. Guideline for Salinity Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Cham: Springer, 2018
20	B, Liu Z, Ma J, Xu Z Xiao . Comparison of pan evaporation and actual evaporation estimated by land surface model in Xinjiang from 1960 to 2005. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2009, 19(4): 502–512 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-009-0502-5
21	J, Yao Y, Zhao X Yu . Spatial-temporal variation and impacts of drought in Xinjiang (Northwest China) during 1961–2015. PeerJ, 2018, 6: e4926 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4926
22	S, Danierhan A, Shalamu H, Tumaerbai D Guan . Effects of emitter discharge rates on soil salinity distribution and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in an arid region of Northwest China. Journal of Arid Land, 2013, 5(1): 51–59 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-013-0141-7
23	B Li, Z C Wang, C M Chi. Parameters and characteristics of alkalization of sodic soil in Da’an City. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2006, 22(1): 20–23, 28 (in Chinese)
24	X Li. A research on characteristics and rational exploitation of soda saline land in the Western Songnen Plain. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2002, 23(5): 361-364 (in Chinese)
25	L, Wang K, Seki T, Miyazaki Y Ishihama . The causes of soil alkalinization in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China. Paddy and Water Environment, 2009, 7(3): 259–270 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-009-0166-x
26	R, Wang H, Xia Y, Qin W, Niu L, Pan R, Li X, Zhao X, Bian P Fu . Dynamic monitoring of surface water area during 1989–2019 in the Hetao Plain using Landsat data in Google Earth Engine. Water, 2020, 12(11): 3010 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113010
27	Y, Deng Y, Wang T Ma . Isotope and minor element geochemistry of high arsenic groundwater from Hangjinhouqi, the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. Applied Geochemistry, 2009, 24(4): 587–599 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.12.018
28	J, Liu C, Zheng L, Zheng Y Lei . Ground water sustainability: methodology and application to the North China Plain. Ground Water, 2008, 46(6): 897–909 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00486.x
29	L, Fan C, Lu B, Yang Z Chen . Long-term trends of precipitation in the North China Plain. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2012, 22(6): 989–1001 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-012-0978-2
30	Y J, Liu J, Chen T Pan . Analysis of changes in reference evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, and actual evapotranspiration and their influencing factors in the North China Plain during 1998–2005. Earth and Space Science, 2019, 6(8): 1366–1377 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000626
31	J, Yu Y, Li G, Han D, Zhou Y, Fu B, Guan G, Wang K, Ning H, Wu J Wang . The spatial distribution characteristics of soil salinity in coastal zone of the Yellow River Delta. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 72(2): 589–599 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2980-0
32	S, Wang X, Song Q, Wang G, Xiao Z, Wang X, Liu P Wang . Shallow groundwater dynamics and origin of salinity at two sites in salinated and water-deficient region of North China Plain, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2012, 66(3): 729–739 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1280-9
33	M, Liu J, Yang X, Li M, Yu J Wang . Effects of irrigation water quality and drip tape arrangement on soil salinity, soil moisture distribution, and cotton yield (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2012, 11(3): 502–511 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(12)60036-7
34	M, Hou L, Zhu Q Jin . Surface drainage and mulching drip-irrigated tomatoes reduces soil salinity and improves fruit yield. PLoS One, 2016, 11(5): e0154799 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154799
35	Z, Wang B, Fan L Guo . Soil salinization after long‐term mulched drip irrigation poses a potential risk to agricultural sustainability. European Journal of Soil Science, 2019, 70(1): 20–24 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12742
36	S, Han Z Yang . Cooling effect of agricultural irrigation over Xinjiang, Northwest China from 1959 to 2006. Environmental Research Letters, 2013, 8(2): 024039 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024039
37	W, Chen Z, Hou L, Wu Y, Liang C Wei . Evaluating salinity distribution in soil irrigated with saline water in arid regions of Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97(12): 2001–2008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.03.008
38	C M Chi, C W Zhao, X J Sun, Z C Wang. Reclamation of saline-sodic soil properties and improvement of rice (Oriza sativa L.) growth and yield using desulfurized gypsum in the west of Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Geoderma, 2012, 187−188: 24−30 doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.04.005
39	C Wang . The discussion on ecological amelioration of salt-affected soil under growing rice condition. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2002, 33(2): 94-95 (in Chinese)
40	I P, Abrol D R Bhumbla . Crop responses to differential gypsum applications in a highly sodic soil and the tolerance of several crops to exchangeable sodium under field conditions. Soil Science, 1979, 127(2): 79–85 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197902000-00004
41	I Shainberg, M E Sumner, W P Miller, M P W Farina, M A Pavan, M V Fey. Use of gypsum on soils: a review. In: Stewart B A, ed. Advances in Soil Science, vol 9. New York: Springer, 1989
42	U, Sahin O Anapali . A laboratory study of the effects of water dissolved gypsum application on hydraulic conductivity of saline-sodic soil under intermittent ponding conditions. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 2005, 44(2): 297–303
43	H, Singh M S Bajwa . Effect of sodic irrigation and gypsum on the reclamation of sodic soil and growth of rice and wheat plants. Agricultural Water Management, 1991, 20(2): 163–171 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(91)90014-A
44	M, Qadir R H, Qureshi N Ahmad . Amelioration of calcareous saline sodic soils through phytoremediation and chemical strategies. Soil Use and Management, 2002, 18(4): 381–385 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00256.x
45	M, Qadir S, Schubert A, Ghafoor G Murtaza . Amelioration strategies for sodic soils: a review. Land Degradation & Development, 2001, 12(4): 357–386 https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.458
46	C, Zheng J, Liu G, Cao E, Kendy H, Wang Y Jia . Can China cope with its water crisis?—Perspectives from the North China Plain. Ground Water, 2010, 48(3): 350–354 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00695_3.x
47	Y Qian, Z Zhang, Y Fei, J Chen, F Zhang, Z Wang. Sustainable exploitable potential of shallow groundwater in the North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 22(8): 890−897 (in Chinese)
48	B, Liu S, Wang X, Kong X, Liu H Sun . Modeling and assessing feasibility of long-term brackish water irrigation in vertically homogeneous and heterogeneous cultivated lowland in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 211: 98–110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.030
49	X Zhang, X Liu, S Chen, H Sun, L Shao, J Niu. Efficient utilization of various water sources in farmlands in the low plain nearby Bohai Sea. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(8): 995−1004 (in Chinese)
50	K, Guo X Liu . Infiltration of meltwater from frozen saline water located on the soil can result in reclamation of a coastal saline soil. Irrigation Science, 2015, 33(6): 441–452 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-015-0480-6
51	L Zhang, F Yang, Z Wang. Research advances of saline soil reclamation by freezing saline water irrigation and meltwater leaching. Soils and Crops, 2021, 10(2): 202−212 (in Chinese)
52	K Guo, Z Ju, X Feng, X Li, X Liu. Advances and expectations of researches on saline soil reclamation by freezing saline water irrigation. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(8): 1016−1024 (in Chinese)
53	W, Zhu Y, Kang X, Li S, Wan S Dong . Changes in understory vegetation during the reclamation of saline-alkali soil by drip irrigation for shelterbelt establishment in the Hetao Irrigation Area of China. Catena, 2022, 214: 106247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106247
54	Y, Zhao H, Pang J, Wang L, Huo Y Li . Effects of straw mulch and buried straw on soil moisture and salinity in relation to sunflower growth and yield. Field Crops Research, 2014, 161: 16–25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.02.006
55	Y, Zhao S, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhuo J Liu . Effects of straw layer and flue gas desulfurization gypsum treatments on soil salinity and sodicity in relation to sunflower yield. Geoderma, 2019, 352: 13–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.06.004
56	K, Zhao J, Song G, Feng M, Zhao J Liu . Species, types, distribution, and economic potential of halophytes in China. Plant and Soil, 2011, 342(1−2): 495–509 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0470-7
57	L, Liu B Wang . Protection of halophytes and their uses for cultivation of saline-alkali soil in China. Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(5): 353 https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10050353
58	L, Wang X, Wang L, Jiang K, Zhang M, Tanveer C, Tian Z Zhao . Reclamation of saline soil by planting annual euhalophyte Suaeda salsa with drip irrigation: a three-year field experiment in arid northwestern China. Ecological Engineering, 2021, 159: 106090 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106090
59	Y, Ventura A, Eshel D, Pasternak M Sagi . The development of halophyte-based agriculture: past and present. Annals of Botany, 2015, 115(3): 529–540 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu173
60	J, Liang W Shi . Cotton/halophytes intercropping decreases salt accumulation and improves soil physicochemical properties and crop productivity in saline-alkali soils under mulched drip irrigation: a three-year field experiment. Field Crops Research, 2021, 262: 108027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108027
61	L, Wang X, Wang L, Jiang K, Zhang M, Tanveer C, Tian Z Zhao . Reclamation of saline soil by planting annual euhalophyte Suaeda salsa with drip irrigation: a three-year field experiment in arid northwestern China. Ecological Engineering, 2021, 159: 106090 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106090
62	M, Afzal S E S, Hindawi S S, Alghamdi H H, Migdadi M A, Khan M U, Hasnain M, Arslan ur Rahman M, Habib M Sohaib . ur Rahman M H, Sohaib M. Potential breeding strategies for improving salt tolerance in crop plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2023, 42(6): 3365–3387 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10797-w
63	S, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Liu H, Zhou C, Ma P Wang . Regulation of plant responses to salt stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(9): 4609 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094609
64	H, Zhang F, Yu P, Xie S, Sun X, Qiao S, Tang C, Chen S, Yang C, Mei D, Yang Y, Wu R, Xia X, Li J, Lu Y, Liu X, Xie D, Ma X, Xu Z, Liang Z, Feng X, Huang H, Yu G, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Q, Zhang C, Chen Y, Ouyang Q Xie . A Gγ protein regulates alkaline sensitivity in crops. Science, 2023, 379(6638): eade8416 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade8416
65	M, Singh U, Nara A, Kumar A, Choudhary H, Singh S Thapa . Salinity tolerance mechanisms and their breeding implications. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2021, 19(1): 173 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00274-4
66	T, Lian Y, Huang X, Xie X, Huo M Q, Shahid L, Tian T, Lan J Jin . Rice SST variation shapes the rhizosphere bacterial community, conferring tolerance to salt stress through regulating soil metabolites. mSystems, 2020, 5(6): e00721–20 https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00721-20
67	C, Preece J Peñuelas . A return to the wild: Root exudates and food security. Trends in Plant Science, 2020, 25(1): 14–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.09.010
68	Y, Qin I S, Druzhinina X, Pan Z Yuan . Microbially mediated plant salt tolerance and microbiome-based solutions for saline agriculture. Biotechnology Advances, 2016, 34(7): 1245–1259 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.005
69	A, Kumar S, Singh A K, Gaurav S, Srivastava J P Verma . Plant growth-promoting bacteria: biological tools for the mitigation of salinity stress in plants. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 11: 1216 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01216
70	A, Marulanda R, Azcón F, Chaumont J M, Ruiz-Lozano R Aroca . Regulation of plasma membrane aquaporins by inoculation with a Bacillus megaterium strain in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under unstressed and salt-stressed conditions. Planta, 2010, 232(2): 533–543 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-010-1196-8
71	A, Gupta R, Mishra S, Rai A, Bano N, Pathak M, Fujita M, Kumar M Hasanuzzaman . Mechanistic insights of plant growth promoting bacteria mediated drought and salt stress tolerance in plants for sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(7): 3741 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073741
72	L, Schmitz Z, Yan M, Schneijderberg Roij M, de R, Pijnenburg Q, Zheng C, Franken A, Dechesne L M, Trindade Velzen R, van T, Bisseling R, Geurts X Cheng . Synthetic bacterial community derived from a desert rhizosphere confers salt stress resilience to tomato in the presence of a soil microbiome. ISME Journal, 2022, 16(8): 1907–1920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-022-01238-3
73	Y, Bashan L E, de-Bashan S R, Prabhu J P Hernandez . Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: formulations and practical perspectives (1998–2013). Plant and Soil, 2014, 378(1−2): 1–33 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1956-x
74	T, Berninger López Ó, González A, Bejarano C, Preininger A Sessitsch . Maintenance and assessment of cell viability in formulation of non-sporulating bacterial inoculants. Microbial Biotechnology, 2018, 11(2): 277–301 https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12880
75	M C, Barrera D, Jakobs-Schoenwandt M I, Gómez J, Serrato S, Ruppel A V Patel . Formulating bacterial endophyte: pre-conditioning of cells and the encapsulation in amidated pectin beads. Biotechnology Reports, 2020, 26: e00463 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00463
76	B, Basso J Antle . Digital agriculture to design sustainable agricultural systems. Nature Sustainability, 2020, 3(4): 254–256 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0510-0

[1]	David R. MONTGOMERY. Soil security and global food security[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(2): 297-302.
[2]	Wenguang CHEN, Xiangbin KONG, Yubo LIAO. Exploring differentiated improvement strategies of cultivated land quality in China[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(2): 282-291.
[3]	Yuxin TONG, Marcos E. ANGELINI, Yusuf YIGINI, Isabel LUOTTO. Global black soil distribution[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(2): 271-281.
[4]	Samuel J. CUSWORTH, William J. DAVIES, Martin R. MCAINSH, Carly J. STEVENS, Weilu WANG. Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(1): 155-168.
[5]	William J. DAVIES. Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(1): 35-54.
[6]	Jianbo SHEN, Qichao ZHU, Yong HOU, Wen-Feng CONG, Wen XU, Jiuliang XU, Zhichao AN, Xiaoqiang JIAO, Kai ZHANG, Tianxiang YU, Lin MA, Oene OENEMA, William J. DAVIES, Fusuo ZHANG. Agriculture green development in China: insights and advances[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2024, 11(1): 5-19.
[7]	Yulong YIN, Kai HE, Zhong CHEN, Yangyang LI, Fengling REN, Zihan WANG, Yingcheng WANG, Haiqing GONG, Qichao ZHU, Jianbo SHEN, Xuejun LIU, Zhenling CUI. AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT TO ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY AND CARBON REDUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA’S DUAL CARBON GOALS[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2023, 10(2): 262-267.
[8]	Ting MENG, Shenggen FAN. TRANSFORMING CHINESE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2023, 10(1): 4-15.
[9]	Yu GUO, Ran LI, Peng NING, Xiaoqiang JIAO. A WAY TO SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION THROUGH SCIENTIST−FARMER ENGAGEMENT[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(4): 577-587.
[10]	Jeroen C. J. GROOT, Xiaolin YANG. TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(2): 295-308.
[11]	Hans LAMBERS, Wen-Feng CONG. CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(2): 170-176.
[12]	Bing-Xin WANG, Anouschka R. HOF, Chun-Sen MA. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(1): 4-18.
[13]	Sha WEI, Zhiping ZHU, Jing ZHAO, David R. CHADWICK, Hongmin DONG. POLICIES AND REGULATIONS FOR PROMOTING MANURE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN CHINA: A REVIEW[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2021, 8(1): 45-57.
[14]	Fujiang HOU, Qianmin JIA, Shanning LOU, Chuntao YANG, Jiao NING, Lan LI, Qingshan FAN. GRASSLAND AGRICULTURE IN CHINA—A REVIEW[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2021, 8(1): 35-44.
[15]	Zhenling CUI, Zhengxia DOU, Hao YING, Fusuo ZHANG. Producing more with less: reducing environmental impacts through an integrated soil-crop system management approach[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2020, 7(1): 14-20.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed