Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes

doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 94 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes

Qinxue Wen^1,², Shuo Yang¹, Zhiqiang Chen^1,²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
². School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

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Abstract

• SMX addition had negative effect on acetoclastic methanogens in mesophilic AD.

• Thermophilic AD was more effective in eliminating resistance genes than mesophilic.

• ARGs variations in AD were mainly affected by succession of microbial community.

• Methane production was significant associated to ARGs reduction.

The role of norfloxacin (NOR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of pig manure, with respect to methane production and variations in the microbial community and resistance genes, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), class I integrase (intI1), and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), was investigated. The results indicated that NOR exerted little influence on the microbial community, whereas SMX negatively affected the acetoclastic methanogens. The abundance of two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), three quinolone resistance genes (qnrS, parC, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr), and intI1 decreased by 2‒3 orders of magnitude at the end of thermophilic AD. In contrast, mesophilic AD was generally ineffective in reducing the abundance of resistance genes. According to the results of redundancy analysis, the abundance of ARGs was affected primarily by microbial community dynamics (68.5%), rather than the selective pressure due to antibiotic addition (13.3%). Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through intI1 contributed to 26.4% of the ARG variation. The archaeal community also influenced the changes in the resistance genes, and ARG reduction was significantly correlated with enhanced methane production. Thermophilic AD presented a higher methane production potential and greater reduction in resistance gene abundance.

Keywords Pig manure Antibiotics Anaerobic digestion Resistance genes Microbial community

Corresponding Author(s): Zhiqiang Chen

Issue Date: 24 December 2020

Cite this article:

Qinxue Wen,Shuo Yang,Zhiqiang Chen. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure with sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin: Dynamics of microbial communities and evolution of resistance genes[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 94.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-020-1342-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/94

Fig.1 The profiles of (a) cumulative methane production and (b) daily methane yields during mesophilic AD; The profiles of (c) cumulative methane production and (d) daily methane yields during thermophilic AD.

Fig.2 The changes of antibiotics after mesophilic and thermophilic AD in this study. (a) The effluent concentration of NOR; (b) The removal of NOR in sludge phase; (c) The removal of NOR in water phase; (d) The effluent concentration of SMX; (e) The removal of SMX in sludge phase; (f) The removal of SMX in water phase.

Fig.3 The dynamic change of the relative abundance of target ARGs during AD. (a) The relative abundance of target ARGs in initial sludge; (b) Change of the relative abundance of target ARGs during mesophilic AD; (c) Change of the relative abundance of target ARGs during thermophilic AD; and (d) Change of the relative abundance of intI1 during AD.

Fig.4 Microbial community succession in different treatments during AD. (a) Relative abundance of bacterial at phylum level; (b) Heat map of genera in each sample based on relative abundance; and (c) Relative abundance of archaeal community at genus level.

Fig.5 Network analysis showing the co-occurrence and correlations of ARGs, MRGs, intI1 and their potential host microbe. (a) Network analysis at mesophilic AD; (b) Network analysis at thermophilic AD; (c) The principal component analysis on ARGs abundance.

Fig.6 Redundancy analysis based on ARGs, MRGs, intI1, microbial communities and environmental factors.

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