Biochars derived from carp residues: characteristics and copper immobilization performance in water environments

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1672-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (6) : 72 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1672-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Biochars derived from carp residues: characteristics and copper immobilization performance in water environments

Hongtao Qiao¹, Yongsheng Qiao¹, Cuizhu Sun²(

), Xiaohan Ma², Jing Shang¹, Xiaoyun Li³, Fengmin Li^2,⁴, Hao Zheng^2,⁴(

)

¹. Institute of Applied Chemistry & Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
². Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
³. Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
⁴. Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China

Download: PDF(4672 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

● P-rich carp residues-derived biochars presented excellent Cu sorption capacity.

● Sorption mechanisms of Cu on CRBs were mainly precipitation and surface complexation.

● CRBs could immobilize Cu and reduce its bioavailability in aquatic environment.

Heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention because of its adverse impact on the aquatic environment and human health. The production of biochar from biowaste has become a promising strategy for managing animal carcasses and remediating heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment. However, the sorption and remediation performance of carp residue-derived biochar (CRB) in Cu-polluted water is poorly understood. Herein, batches of CRB were prepared from carp residues at 450–650 °C (CRB450–650) to investigate their physicochemical characteristics and performance in the sorption and remediation of Cu-polluted water. Compared with a relatively low-temperature CRB (e.g., CRB450), the high-temperature biochar (CRB650) possessed a large surface area and thermodynamic stability. CRB650 contained higher oxygen-containing functional groups and P-associated minerals, such as hydroxyapatite. As the pyrolytic temperature increased from 450 to 650°C, the maximum sorption capacity of the CRBs increased from 26.5 to 62.5 mg/g. The adsorption process was a type of monolayer adsorption onto homogenous materials, and the sorption of Cu²⁺ on the CRB was mainly based on chemical adsorption. The most effective potential adsorption mechanisms were in order of electrostatic attraction and cation-π interaction > surface complexation and precipitation > pore-filling and cation exchange. Accordingly, the CRBs efficiently immobilized Cu²⁺ and reduced its bioavailability in water. These results provide a promising strategy to remediate heavy metal-polluted water using designer biochars derived from biowastes, particularly animal carcasses.

Keywords Biowaste Pyrolytic temperature Immobilization Bioavailability Remediation

Corresponding Author(s): Cuizhu Sun,Hao Zheng

Issue Date: 22 December 2022

Cite this article:

Hongtao Qiao,Yongsheng Qiao,Cuizhu Sun, et al. Biochars derived from carp residues: characteristics and copper immobilization performance in water environments[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 72.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1672-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I6/72

Tab.1 Selected physical and chemical properties of the CRBs

Fig.1 BET characterization results of CRB450, CRB550 and CRB650 (a), and SEM images of CRB450 (b, c), CRB550 (d, e), and CRB650 (f, g) before and after Cu²⁺ adsorption. CRB450, CRB550 and CRB650 were the carp residue-derived biochars produced at 450, 550 and 650 °C, respectively. The yellow arrows indicated the cracks on the surface of CRBs, which gradually increased and enlarged with the increase of pyrolytic temperature.

Fig.2 Adsorption kinetics of Cu²⁺ adsorption onto CRBs based on the fitting of the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, Elovich model (a), and intra-particle diffusion models (b). Adsorption isotherms of Cu²⁺ adsorption onto CRBs based on the fitting of the Langmuir model, Freundlich model (c), Sips model, and Temkin model (d). Q_t and Q_e (mg/g) were the adsorption capacities of Cu²⁺ at time t and equilibrium time on CRBs, respectively. C_e (mg/L) was the concentration of Cu²⁺. CRB450, CRB550 and CRB650 were the carp residue-derived biochars produced at 450, 550 and 650 °C, respectively.

Tab.2 Kinetics parameters of Cu²⁺ adsorption on CRBs fitted using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich model

Tab.3 Isothermal adsorption parameters of Cu²⁺ adsorption on CRBs fitted from the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Temkin models

Fig.3 XPS spectra of CRB550 before and after Cu²⁺ adsorption. Full XPS spectrum scan of CRB550 and Cu-loaded CRB550 (a), the spectra of C 1s for CRB550 (b) and Cu-loaded CRB550 (c), the spectra of O1s for CRB550 (d) and Cu-loaded CRB550 (e), and the spectra of Cu 2p for Cu-loaded CRB550 (f).

Fig.4 Schematic illustration of the potential mechanisms underlying Cu²⁺ sorption characteristics by CRBs. CRB450, CRB550 and CRB650 were the carp residue-derived biochars produced at 450, 550 and 650 °C, respectively. The potential adsorption mechanisms of Cu²⁺ on CRBs mainly included cation exchange, surface complexation, precipitation, electrostatic attraction, cation-π interaction and pore-filling, which were determined by the pyrolytic temperature.

Fig.5 Amounts (a) and relative percentage (b) of Cu²⁺ immobilized by CRBs in water. The different fractions of Cu²⁺ immbolized on the biochars were measured using the method reported by Shen et al. (2019). F1: water soluble fraction; F2: exchangeable fraction; F3: acidic soluble fraction; F4: residual fraction. CRB450, CRB550 and CRB650 were the carp residue-derived biochars produced at 450, 550, and 650 °C, respectively. The error bars represent standard deviation (n =3).

1	A Bathla, K Vikrant, D Kukkar, K H Kim. (2022). Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous benzene using metal oxide nanocomposites. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 305: 102696 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2022.102696
2	A R Betts, N Chen, J G Hamilton, D Peak. (2013). Rates and mechanisms of Zn2+ adsorption on a meat and bone meal biochar. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(24): 14350–14357
3	X Cao, F Xiao, X Xie, X Li, G Li, L Li, Q Zhang, W Zhang, X You, Y Gai, X Lyu. (2021). Adsorption and desorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solution using magnetic Fe3O4@ PPy composite microspheres. Water Reuse, 11(3): 347–360
4	F Chen, S Guo, Y Wang, L Ma, B Li, Z Song, L Huang, W Zhang. (2022a). Concurrent adsorption and reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) using nitrogen-doped porous carbon adsorbent derived from loofah sponge. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16(5): 57
5	H Chen, Y Gao, J Li, Z Fang, N Bolan, A Bhatnagar, B Gao, D Hou, S Wang, H Song, X Yang, S M Shaheen, J Meng, W Chen, J Rinklebe, H Wang. (2022b). Engineered biochar for environmental decontamination in aquatic and soil systems: a review. Carbon Research, 1(1): 1–25 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-022-00001-9
6	X Cui, S Fang, Y Yao, T Li, Q Ni, X Yang, Z He. (2016). Potential mechanisms of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by Canna indica derived biochar. Science of the Total Environment, 562(15): 517–525
7	M A O Dawood, S Koshio. (2016). Recent advances in the role of probiotics and prebiotics in carp aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 454(1): 234–251
8	Y Deng, S Huang, D A Larid, X Wang, Z Meng. (2019). Adsorption behaviour and mechanisms of cadmium and nickel on rice straw biochars in single- and binary-metal systems. Chemosphere, 218: 308–318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.081
9	Y N Dias, E S Souza, H S C Costa, L C A Melo, E S Penido, C B Amarante, O M M Teixeira, A R Fernandes. (2019). Biochar produced from Amazonian agro-industrial wastes: properties and adsorbent potential of Cd2+ and Cu2+. Biochar, 1(4): 389–400 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00031-4
10	K Z Elwakeel, A A El-Bindary, E Y Kouta, E Guibal. (2018). Functionalization of polyacrylonitrile/Na-Y-zeolite composite with amidoxime groups for the sorption of Cu (II): Cd (II) and Pb (II) metal ions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 332(15): 727–736
11	FAO (2020). In the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in Action. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
12	V Frišták, M Pipíška, J Lesný, G Soja, W Friesl-Hanl, A Packová. (2015). Utilization of biochar sorbents for Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ ions separation from aqueous solutions: comparative study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(1): 1–16
13	L Gao, J Deng, G Huang, K Li, K Cai, Y Liu, F Huang. (2019). Relative distribution of Cd2+ adsorption mechanisms on biochars derived from rice straw and sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 272: 114–122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.138
14	Y Gong, D Zhao, Q Wang. (2018). An overview of field-scale studies on remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids: technical progress over the last decade. Water Research, 147(15): 440–460
15	G G Hacıosmanoğlu, C Mejías, J Martín, J L Santos, I Aparicio, E Alonso. (2022). Antibiotic adsorption by natural and modified clay minerals as designer adsorbents for wastewater treatment: a comprehensive review. Journal of Environmental Management, 317(1): 115397
16	N Hosseinahli, M Hasanov, M Abbasi. (2021). Heavy metals’ removal from aqueous environments using silica sulfuric acid. Water Reuse, 11(3): 508–519
17	B Hu, Y Ai, J Jin, T Hayat, X Wang. (2020). Efficient elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants by biochar and biochar-based materials. Biochar, 2(11): 47–64
18	M I Inyang, B Gao, Y Yao, Y Xue, A Zimmerman, A Mosa, P Pullammanappallil, Y S Ok, X Cao. (2016). A review of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 46(4): 406–433 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2015.1096880
19	N Kasera, P Kolar, S G Hall. (2022). Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water: a review. Biochar, 4(1): 1–30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00127-w
20	S Koutsopoulos. (2022). Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: a review study on the analytical methods. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 62(4): 600–612
21	N D Le, T T H Hoang, V P Phung, T L Nguyen, E Rochelle-Newall, T T Duong, T M H Pham, T X B Phung, T D Nguyen, P T Le. et al.. (2022). Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the coastal aquaculture zone of the Red River Delta (Vietnam). Chemosphere, 303(1): 134952
22	J Lehmann, A Cowie, C A Masiello, C Kammann, D Woolf, J E Amonette, M L Cayuela, M Camps-Arbestain, T Whitman. (2021). Biochar in climate change mitigation. Nature Geoscience, 14(12): 883–892 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00852-8
23	S Lei, Y Shi, Y Qiu, L Che, C Xue. (2019). Performance and mechanisms of emerging animal-derived biochars for immobilization of heavy metals. Science of the Total Environment, 646(1): 1281–1289
24	A Li, Y Zhang, W Ge, Y Zhang, L Liu, G Qiu. (2022). Removal of heavy metals from wastewaters with biochar pyrolyzed from MgAl-layered double hydroxide-coated rice husk, mechanism and application. Bioresource Technology, 347: 126425 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126425
25	L Liang, F Xi, W Tan, X Meng, B Hu, X Wang. (2021). Review of organic and inorganic pollutants removal by biochar and biochar-based composites. Biochar, 3(3): 255–281 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00101-6
26	G Liu, H Zheng, X Zhai, Z Wang. (2018). Characteristics and mechanisms of microcystin-LR adsorption by giant reed-derived biochars: role of minerals, pores, and functional groups. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176: 463–473 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.156
27	J Liu, R Liu, Z Yang, S Kuikka. (2021). Quantifying and predicting ecological and human health risks for binary heavy metal pollution accidents at the watershed scale using Bayesian Networks. Environmental Pollution, 269(15): 116125
28	Z Liu, Z Xu, L Xu, F Buyong, T C Chay, Z Li, Y Cai, B Hu, Y Zhu, X Wang. (2022). Modified biochar: Synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals. Carbon Research, 1(1): 1–21 https://doi.org/10.1007/s44246-022-00001-9
29	Z Mahdi, Q J Yu, A E Hanandeh. (2018). Investigation of the kinetics and mechanisms of nickel and copper ions adsorption from aqueous solutions by date seed derived biochar. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(1): 1171–1181 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.01.021
30	A K Mallik, S F Kabir, F B A Rahman, M N Sakib, S S Efty, M M Rahman. (2022). Cu (II) removal from wastewater using chitosan-based adsorbents: a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10: 108048 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108048
31	A Mo, Y Dang, J Wang, C Liu, H Yang, Y Zhai, Y Wang, Y Yuan. (2022). Heavy metal residues releases and food health risks between the two main crayfish culturing models: rice-crayfish coculture system versus crayfish intensive culture system. Environmental Pollution, 305(15): 119216
32	P Ouyang, R Yang, J Chen, K Wang, Y Geng, W Lai, X Huang, D Chen, J Fang, Z Chen. (2018). First detection of carp edema virus in association with cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in cultured ornamental koi, Cyprinus carpio L., in China. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 490(1): 162–168
33	F M Pellera, A Giannis, D Kalderis, K Anastasiadou, R Stegmann, J Wang, E Gidarakos. (2012). Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions on biochars prepared from agricultural by-products. Journal of Environmental Management, 96(1): 35–42
34	T Qiu, D Song, L Shan, G Liu, L Liu. (2020). Potential prospect of a therapeutic agent against spring viraemia of carp virus in aquaculture. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 515(15): 7334558
35	J Shao, P Shao, M Peng, M Li, Z Yao, X Xiong, C Qiu, Y Zheng, L Yang, X Luo. (2023). A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(3): 33
36	Z Shen, D Hou, F Jin, J Shi, X Fan, D C Tsang, D Alessi. (2019). Effect of production temperature on lead removal mechanisms by rice straw biochars. Science of the Total Environment, 655(10): 751–758
37	Z Shen, A M Som, F Wang, F Jin, O McMillan, A Al-Tabbaa. (2016). Long-term impact of biochar on the immobilisation of nickel(II) and zinc(II) and the revegetation of a contaminated site. Science of the Total Environment, 542(15): 771–776
38	Z Shen, Y Zhang, F Jin, O McMillan, A Al-Tabbaa. (2017). Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars. Science of the Total Environment, 609: 1401–1410 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.008
39	N B Singh, G Nagpal, S Agrawal, S Rachna. (2018). Water purification by using adsorbents: a review. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 11: 187–240
40	X Su, Y Chen, Y Li, J Li, W Song, X Li, L Yan. (2022). Enhanced adsorption of aqueous Pb (II) and Cu (II) by biochar loaded with layered double hydroxide: crucial role of mineral precipitation. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 357(1): 119083
41	X Su, A Kushima, C Halliday, J Zhou, J Li, T A Hatton. (2018). Electrochemically-mediated selective capture of heavy metal chromium and arsenic oxyanions from water. Nature Communications, 9(1): 1–9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02088-w
42	C Sun, Z Wang, L Chen, F Li. (2020). Fabrication of robust and compressive chitin and graphene oxide sponges for removal of microplastics with different functional groups. Chemical Engineering Journal, 393(1): 124796
43	T Sun, Y Xu, Y Sun, L Wang, X Liang, H Jia. (2021). Crayfish shell biochar for the mitigation of Pb contaminated water and soil: characteristics, mechanisms, and applications. Environmental Pollution, 271(15): 116308
44	L Wang, Y Wang, F Ma, V Tankpa, S Bai, X Guo, X Wang. (2019a). Mechanisms and reutilization of modified biochar used for removal of heavy metals from wastewater: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 668(10): 1298–1309
45	S Wang, M Zhao, M Zhou, Y Zhao, Y C Li, B Gao, K Feng, W Yin, Y S Ok, X Wang. (2019b). Biomass facilitated phase transformation of natural hematite at high temperatures and sorption of Cd2+ and Cu2+. Environment International, 124: 473–481 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.004
46	X Wang, G Buer, W Fan, L Gao, M Huo. (2021). Copper removal from semiconductor CMP wastewater in the presence of nano-SiO2 through biosorption. Water Reuse, 11(2): 289–300
47	Y WangR Liu (2018). H2O2 treatment enhanced the heavy metals removal by manure biochar in aqueous solutions. Science of the Total Environment, 628–629(1): 628–629
48	Z Wang, G Liu, H Zheng, F Li, H H Ngo, W Guo, C Liu, L Chen, B Xing. (2015). Investigating the mechanisms of biochar’s removal of lead from solution. Bioresource Technology, 177: 308–317 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.077
49	Z Wang, S Shen, D Shen, Y Jiang, R Xiao. (2017). Immobilization of Cu2+ and Cd2+ by earthworm manure derived biochar in acidic circumstance. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 53: 293–300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.017
50	C Xue, J Wu, K Wang, Y Yi, Z Fang, W Cheng, J Fang. (2021). Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil remediation. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 15(5): 101
51	X Yang, M Hinzmann, H Pan, J Wang, N Bolan, D C Tsang, J Rinklebe. (2022). Pig carcass-derived biochar caused contradictory effects on arsenic mobilization in a contaminated paddy soil under fluctuating controlled redox conditions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 421(5): 126647
52	X You, F Suo, S Yin, X Wang, H Zheng, S Fang, C Zhang, F Li, Y Li. (2021). Biochar decreased enantioselective uptake of chiral pesticide metalaxyl by lettuce and shifted bacterial community in agricultural soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417: 126047 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126047
53	M Zhao, X Ma, X Liao, S Cheng, Q Liu, H Wang, H Zheng, X Li, X Luo, J Zhao, F Li, B Xing. (2022). Characteristics of algae-derived biochars and their sorption and remediation performance for sulfamethoxazole in marine environment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 430(4): 133092
54	Y ZhaoB ZhangX ZhangJ WangJ Liu R Chen (2010). Preparation of highly ordered cubic NaA zeolite from halloysite mineral for adsorption of ammonium ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1–3): 1–3
55	H ZhengX WangX LuoZ WangB Xing (2018). Biochar-induced negative carbon mineralization priming effects in a coastal wetland soil: roles of soil aggregation and microbial modulation. Science of the Total Environment, 610–611: 610–611
56	W Zuo, Y Yu, H Huang. (2021). Making waves, microbe-photocatalyst hybrids may provide new opportunities for treating heavy metal polluted wastewater. Water Research, 195(1): 116984

[1]

FSE-22111-OF-QHT_suppl_1

Download

[1]	Sajjad Haider, Rab Nawaz, Muzammil Anjum, Tahir Haneef, Vipin Kumar Oad, Salah Uddinkhan, Rawaiz Khan, Muhammad Aqif. Property-performance relationship of core-shell structured black TiO₂ photocatalyst for environmental remediation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(9): 111-.
[2]	Zhuoyue Yang, Zuotao Zhang, Yiwei Zuo, Jing Zhang, Panyue Zhang. Comparison of exogenous degrader-enhanced bioremediation with low-dose persulfate oxidation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon removal in alkaline soil: efficiency and influence on ecological health[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(11): 133-.
[3]	Yuchao Shao, Jun Zhao, Yuyang Long, Wenjing Lu. Two-step hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to humic acid using hydrochar as intermediate[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(10): 119-.
[4]	Xianjun Tan, Zhenying Jiang, Yuxiong Huang. Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perﬂuorooctanoic acid[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(1): 3-.
[5]	Qian Li, Zhaoping Zhong, Haoran Du, Xiang Zheng, Bo Zhang, Baosheng Jin. Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(7): 85-.
[6]	Kehui Liu, Xiaojin Guan, Chunming Li, Keyi Zhao, Xiaohua Yang, Rongxin Fu, Yi Li, Fangming Yu. Global perspectives and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping analysis from 2001 to 2020[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(6): 73-.
[7]	Jian Lu, Cui Zhang, Jun Wu. Removal of steroid hormones from mariculture system using seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(2): 15-.
[8]	Xiaoge Huang, Lihao Chen, Ziqi Ma, Kenneth C. Carroll, Xiao Zhao, Zailin Huo. Cadmium removal mechanistic comparison of three Fe-based nanomaterials: Water-chemistry and roles of Fe dissolution[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(12): 151-.
[9]	Rui Yue, Zhikang Chen, Liujun Liu, Lipu Yin, Yicheng Qiu, Xianhui Wang, Zhicheng Wang, Xuhui Mao. Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil: Coupling merits and energy consumption[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(11): 147-.
[10]	Kehui Liu, Jie Xu, Chenglong Dai, Chunming Li, Yi Li, Jiangming Ma, Fangming Yu. Exogenously applied oxalic acid assists in the phytoremediation of Mn by Polygonum pubescens Blume cultivated in three Mn-contaminated soils[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 86-.
[11]	Karla Ilić Đurđić, Raluca Ostafe, Olivera Prodanović, Aleksandra Đurđević Đelmaš, Nikolina Popović, Rainer Fischer, Stefan Schillberg, Radivoje Prodanović. Improved degradation of azo dyes by lignin peroxidase following mutagenesis at two sites near the catalytic pocket and the application of peroxidase-coated yeast cell walls[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 19-.
[12]	Weichuan Qiao, Rong Li, Tianhao Tang, Achuo Anitta Zuh. Removal, distribution and plant uptake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a simulated constructed wetland system[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 20-.
[13]	Zhengqing Cai, Xiao Zhao, Jun Duan, Dongye Zhao, Zhi Dang, Zhang Lin. Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons from the past two decades[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(5): 84-.
[14]	Wenqing Xu, Mark L. Segall, Zhao Li. Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(5): 86-.
[15]	Zhenyu Yang, Rong Xing, Wenjun Zhou, Lizhong Zhu. Adsorption characteristics of ciprofloxacin onto g-MoS₂ coated biochar nanocomposites[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 41-.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed