Underestimated benefits of NOx control in reducing SNA and O3 based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1790-y

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (3) : 30 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1790-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Underestimated benefits of NO_x control in reducing SNA and O₃ based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

Shuping Zhang^1,^2,³, Haotian Zheng¹, Jun Liu³, Yao Shi¹, Tianzeng Chen³, Chaoyang Xue³, Fenfen Zhang¹, Yueqi Jiang¹, Xiangping Zhang⁴, Shovan Kumar Sahu⁵, Biwu Chu³(

), Jia Xing¹(

)

¹. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100028, China
³. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
⁴. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
⁵. Centre for Climate Research Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore, Singapore 537054, Singapore

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Abstract

● Heterogeneous HONO reactions significantly improve HONO simulation in summer.

● Heterogeneous HONO reactions increase the formation of winter SNA and summer O_3.

● NO_x emission reduction in BTH both cut down winter SNA and summer MDA8 O_3.

● HONO heterogeneous reactions improve NO_x reduction benefits in SNA and O₃ control.

Substantial NO_x emission mitigation is crucial for the synergistic reduction of particulate matter and ozone (O₃) pollution in China. The traditional air quality model does not consider heterogeneous HONO chemistry, leading to uncertainties in estimating the benefits of NO_x control. Previous studies have shown that the parameterization of heterogeneous HONO formation increases both the simulated value of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium (SNA) and that of O₃, thus adding the heterogeneous reactions of HONO into air quality models inevitably leads to changes in the estimated benefits of NO_x abatement. Here we investigated the changes in SNA and O₃ concentrations from NO_x emission reduction before and after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Including heterogeneous HONO reactions in the simulation improved the benefits of NO_x reduction in terms of SNA control in winter. With 80% NO_x reduction, the reduction in SNA increased from 36.9% without considering heterogeneous HONO reactions to 42.8% with heterogeneous HONO chemistry. The reduction in the maximum daily 8h average (MDA8) O₃ in summer caused by NO_x reduction increased slightly from 4.7% to 5.2% after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions. The results in this study highlight the enhanced effectiveness of NO_x controls for the reduction of SNA and O₃ after considering heterogeneous HONO formation in a complex chemical ambient, demonstrating the importance of NO_x controls in reducing PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.

Keywords Heterogeneous HONO NO_x reduction PM_2.5 O₃

Corresponding Author(s): Biwu Chu,Jia Xing

Issue Date: 04 December 2023

Cite this article:

Shuping Zhang,Haotian Zheng,Jun Liu, et al. Underestimated benefits of NO_x control in reducing SNA and O₃ based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(3): 30.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1790-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I3/30

Fig.1 Observed and simulated concentrations from the original and revised CMAQ in Beijing in summer: (a) time series of HONO; (b) diurnal variation of HONO; (c) diurnal variation of NO₂.

Fig.2 Relative contributions of default and revised HONO reactions in CMAQ in summer, 2018.

Fig.3 Differences in the spatial distribution of monthly averaged SNA and MDA8 O₃ concentrations between two simulations (REV and ORI).

Fig.4 A comparison of simulated SNA concentrations before and after NO_x reduction at different PM_2.5 levels: (a) without heterogeneous HONO reactions; (b) with heterogeneous HONO reactions.

Fig.5 A comparison of simulated maximum daily average 8h O₃ concentrations before and after NO_x reduction: (a) without heterogeneous HONO reactions; (b) with heterogeneous HONO reactions

Fig.6 Changes in emission reductions of SNA (a) and O₃ (b) in the presence and absence of HONO heterogeneous reactions.

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