Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environment

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1571-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (10) : 136 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1571-2

REVIEW ARTICLE

Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environment

Yanhui Dai¹, Jian Zhao^1,²(

), Chunxiao Sun¹, Diying Li¹, Xia Liu¹, Zhenyu Wang³, Tongtao Yue¹, Baoshan Xing⁴(

)

¹. Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
². Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
³. Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
⁴. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

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Abstract

● Adsorption of PFASs on MPs and its mechanisms are critically reviewed.

● MPs could alter the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments.

● Combined toxicity of MPs and PFASs at organismal and molecular levels is discussed.

Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications, and thus coexist with MPs. Therefore, we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work. The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed, and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding, π-π interaction, cation-π interactions, and micelle formation are proposed. Moreover, the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed. Based on four typical aquatic organisms (shellfish, Daphnia, algae, and fish), the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized. Finally, challenges and research perspectives are proposed, and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity, especially on PFAS substitutes, are recommended for further investigation. This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.

Keywords Microplastics Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances Adsorption Transport Transformation

Corresponding Author(s): Jian Zhao,Baoshan Xing

Just Accepted Date: 02 April 2022 Issue Date: 29 April 2022

Cite this article:

Yanhui Dai,Jian Zhao,Chunxiao Sun, et al. Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environment[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(10): 136.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1571-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I10/136

Fig.1 Adsorption mechanisms of PFASs on MPs. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are confirmed mechanisms in the literature, while micelles formation,

π

π

interaction, cation-π interaction, halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding are proposed mechanisms which need to be verified. “R” group represents C-F chain.

Fig.2 Effects of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs. Process I and II: MPs increase the horizontal and vertical transport of PFASs in water, respectively. Process III: MPs enhance the PFAS dispersion by organism excretion and food chain transfer. Process IV and V: MPs promote the transformation of PFASs through photodegradation and microbial decomposition, respectively.

Fig.3 Ecotoxicological effects of MPs and PFASs on the four selected aquatic organisms. The bars with dark and light colors represent the toxicity of PFASs and MPs, respectively. Numbers indicate the frequency percentage (%) of this subject in the total selected papers. The total papers of MPs in shellfish, Daphnia, algae and fish are 11, 13, 5, and 28, respectively, while those of PFASs are 7, 7, 5 and 58, respectively.

Fig.4 Distribution (A) and toxicity (B) of MPs and PFASs to fish. The endpoint number indicates the frequency in the papers of fish. The total papers of MPs and PFASs in fish are 28 and 58, respectively.

Fig.5 Effects of MPs on PFAS toxicity to aquatic organisms. Processes I: MPs and PFASs result in antagonistic effect on microorganisms. Process II: MPs decrease the accumulation and toxicity of PFASs to organisms in the upper water layer. Process III: MPs increase the accumulation and toxicity of PFASs to benthic organisms. Process IV: MPs increase the toxicity of PFASs to fish.

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