Metabolic regulation of adult stem cell-derived neurons

doi:10.1007/s11515-015-1351-5

Front. Biol.

2015, Vol. 10

Issue (2) : 107-116 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-015-1351-5

MINI-REVIEW

Metabolic regulation of adult stem cell-derived neurons

Ruth Beckervordersandforth,Benjamin M. Häberle,D. Chichung Lie(

)

Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit?t Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany

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Abstract

The discovery of continuous generation of functional neurons throughout life has emerged as a major contributor to plasticity in defined regions of the adult mammalian brain. Work over the past decades identified cellular constituents of the distinct adult neurogenic niches as well as numerous signaling pathways, transcriptional and epigenetic regulators that exert tight control over the production of new neurons from resident stem cells. Recent studies uncovered developmental stage-specific adaptations of metabolic circuits and have provided evidence for their central regulatory function in the adult neurogenic lineage. Moreover, there is increasing evidence for a regulatory impact of a wide range of systemic metabolic factors including exercise induced metabolic changes and diet on the development of adult-born neurons. Here, we will summarize current knowledge and emerging principles underlying the metabolic control of neuronal maturation in adult neurogenesis.

Keywords metabolism adult neurogenesis mitochondria diet

Corresponding Author(s): D. Chichung Lie

Online First Date: 30 March 2015 Issue Date: 06 May 2015

Cite this article:

Ruth Beckervordersandforth,Benjamin M. H?berle,D. Chichung Lie. Metabolic regulation of adult stem cell-derived neurons[J]. Front. Biol., 2015, 10(2): 107-116.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-015-1351-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2015/V10/I2/107

Fig.1 Metabolism and regulation of adult neurogenesis. Systemic metabolism and metabolites may directly impact on the development of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Exercise – a powerful behavioral stimulus of neurogenesis – may modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis via expression of growth factors, alteration of systemic metabolism and metabolites. The development of stem cells into functional neurons is accompanied by adaptation of cellular metabolism. Adaptations of the functional neuron may include the increasing reliance on mitochondrial function, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, lactate as a primary energy source, and metabolic coupling to astrocytes.

Fig.2 Extensive remodelling of the mitochondrial compartment accompanies maturation of adult-generated DG neurons. Analysis of adult-born DG neurons at different days after retrovirus mediated birthdating. (A) Development of adult-born neurons (red) is paralleled by increase in mitochondria mass (mitochondria in green). Scale bar 25 μm. (B) Higher magnification reveals distinct morphologies of somatic mitochondria: At early stages mitochondria predominantly formed large tubular structures. Between 16 days post retroviral injection (dpi) and 42 dpi mitochondria were of mixed tubular and globular shape. At 106 dpi, mitochondria in some adult-generated neurons formed an interconnected network. Note the dense packing of the dendritic shaft with mitochondria at all developmental time points. Scale bar 3 μm. (C) Higher magnification of the dendritic mitochondria at 16, 28, and 106 dpi, reveals increasing presence of round mitochondria. Scale bar 8 μm.

Figure and legend reproduced from Steib et al. (2014).

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