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Front. Biol.    2015, Vol. 10 Issue (2) : 141-153    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-015-1357-z
REVIEW
Analytical strategies for studying stem cell metabolism
James M. Arnold1,William T. Choi2,Arun Sreekumar1,Mirjana Maletić-Savatić2,3,*()
1. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2. Program in Developmental Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3. Departments of Pediatrics-Neurology and Neuroscience, and Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract

Owing to their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency, stem cells possess untold potential for revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine through the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Central to developing these strategies is improving our understanding of biological mechanisms responsible for governing stem cell fate and self-renewal. Increasing attention is being given to the significance of metabolism, through the production of energy and generation of small molecules, as a critical regulator of stem cell functioning. Rapid advances in the field of metabolomics now allow for in-depth profiling of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo, providing a systems perspective on key metabolic and molecular pathways which influence stem cell biology. Understanding the analytical platforms and techniques that are currently used to study stem cell metabolomics, as well as how new insights can be derived from this knowledge, will accelerate new research in the field and improve future efforts to expand our understanding of the interplay between metabolism and stem cell biology.
Keywords stem cell      metabolism      NMR      mass spectrometry      MRS      flux analysis     
Corresponding Author(s): Mirjana Maleti?-Savati?   
Just Accepted Date: 26 March 2015   Issue Date: 06 May 2015
 Cite this article:   
Arun Sreekumar,William T. Choi,Mirjana Maleti?-Savati?, et al. Analytical strategies for studying stem cell metabolism[J]. Front. Biol., 2015, 10(2): 141-153.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-015-1357-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2015/V10/I2/141
Fig.1  Platforms for studying stem cell metabolism.
Fig.2  Metabolomics can be used to either (A) detect and quantify metabolites directly or (B) follow isotopically labeled carbons to determine metabolic pathway activity.
Fig.3  Metabolomic and flux analysis studies have demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have increased dependence on glyolytic flux compared differentiated counterparts which exhibit increased mitochondrial oxidation. There are multiple hypotheses for why this occurs, such as PSCs minimize glucose oxidation in order to provide anabolic precursors to fuel self-renewal, or that ROS-induced stress may promote differentiation.
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