Physiological significance of oxidative stress and its role in adaptation of the human body to deleterious factors

doi:10.1007/s11515-018-1482-6

Front. Biol.

2018, Vol. 13

Issue (1) : 19-27 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-018-1482-6

REVIEW

Physiological significance of oxidative stress and its role in adaptation of the human body to deleterious factors

Vadim V. Davydov¹(

), Alexander V. Shestopalov¹, Evgenya R. Grabovetskaya²

¹. Chair of biochemistry and molecular biology Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
². Chair of biochemistry V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Ukraine, Kharkov, 61077, Ukraine

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is an extremely widespread condition manifested in an increased rate of free-radical processes and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissues. It appears in different physiologic states and pathological processes accompanied by stimulation of the sympathetic adrenal system or tissue hypoxia or under stress. However, until now, there is still no clarity on the issue of the significance of oxidative stress in the development of adaptation processes in the organism.

OBJECTIVE: In the present work we will review the most recent finding about physiologic role of oxidative stress and its participation in adaptation of an organism to effect of different adverse factors.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using the Pubmed search engine. Studies published over past 18 years, i.e. between 1998 and 2015 were considered for review. Followed keywords were used: “oxidative stress,” “free radical oxidation,” “ROS,” “endogenous aldehydes,” “adaptation.”

RESULTS: The article cites arguments supporting the notion that oxidative stress serves as a nonspecific link in the adaptation of the human body to the effects of injurious factors. Oxidative stress exerts regulatory effects by changing the redox state of the cell. Oxidative stress affects on various intracellular proteins containing cysteine ??residues, e.g., enzymes, chaperones, and transcription factors, etc. For this reason, the use of antioxidants for the treatment and prophylaxis of a wide range of diseases is not recommended.

CONCLUSION: Further investigation is needed in this field. The most attention should be paid to careful experimental verification aimed at quantitative assessment of the ROS level in tissues under oxidative stress, as well as at the study of possibility of enhancing the catabolism of free radical oxidation carbonyl products in order to prevent tissue damage under oxidative stress.

Keywords oxidative stress free radical oxidation ROS adaptation endogenous aldehydes

Corresponding Author(s): Vadim V. Davydov

Online First Date: 15 March 2018 Issue Date: 26 March 2018

Cite this article:

Vadim V. Davydov,Alexander V. Shestopalov,Evgenya R. Grabovetskaya. Physiological significance of oxidative stress and its role in adaptation of the human body to deleterious factors[J]. Front. Biol., 2018, 13(1): 19-27.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-018-1482-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2018/V13/I1/19

Fig.1 The mechanism of oxidation of cysteine ??residues under the influence of ROS (^{Chandel and Tuveson, 2014}). Red: reduction.

Fig.2 Glutathionylation and S-alkylation of intracellular proteins. GSH: reduced glutathione; GRX: glutaredoxin; Red: reduction.

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