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Frontiers in Biology

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Front. Biol.    2016, Vol. 11 Issue (2) : 119-131    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11515-016-1392-4
REVIEW
Functional role of metalloproteins in genome stability
Chunqiang Zhang1,1 _FIB-10392-CGZ,Fan Zhang1,1 _FIB-10392-CGZ,Ping Zhou2,2 _FIB-10392-CGZ,Caiguo Zhang3,*()
1. Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
2. Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Nanchang, Nanchang 330006, China
3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Abstract

Cells contain a large number of metalloproteins that commonly harbor at least one metal ion cofactor. In metalloproteins, metal ions are usually coordinated by oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen centers belonging to amino acid residues in the protein. The presence of the metal ion in metalloproteins allows them to take part in diverse biological processes, such as genome stability, metabolic catalysis, and cell cycle progression. Clinically, alteration of the function of metalloproteins in mammals is genetically associated with diseases characterized by DNA damage and repair defects. The present review focuses on the current perspectives of metal ion homeostasis in different organisms and summarizes the most recent understanding on magnesium, copper, iron, and manganese-containing proteins and their functional involvement in the maintenance of genome stability.
Keywords metalloprotein      ROS      DNA damage      DNA repair      iron      copper     
Corresponding Author(s): Caiguo Zhang   
Just Accepted Date: 29 March 2016   Online First Date: 26 April 2016    Issue Date: 17 May 2016
 Cite this article:   
Chunqiang Zhang,Fan Zhang,Ping Zhou, et al. Functional role of metalloproteins in genome stability[J]. Front. Biol., 2016, 11(2): 119-131.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/10.1007/s11515-016-1392-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fib/EN/Y2016/V11/I2/119
Protein Metal ion(s) Main function Reference
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) Zinc Facilitates the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH) Edenberg, 2007
Arginase Manganese Catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea Dowling et al., 2008
Catalase Iron Catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) and mitigates the toxic effects of H2O2 in cells Zamocky et al., 2008
Cell adhesion molecule L1-related helicase (CHLR1) Iron Plays an important role in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA replication, and/or DNA repair Shah et al., 2013
Cytochrome complex (cyt c) Iron Is an essential component for the functioning of the electron transport chain and in the initiation of apoptosis Huttemann et al., 2012
Cytochrome coxidase (CcO) Iron and copper It is an essential component for the functioning of the electron transport chain and affects several aspects of mitochondrial function Srinivasan and Avadhani, 2012
DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) Iron Required for processing double-strand breaks (DSB), end resection, and processing Okazaki fragments Cejka et al., 2010
DNA polymerases (Pola, d and e) Iron Initiating and processing DNA replication Miyabe et al., 2011
DNA polymerase b Magnesium Catalyzes base excision repair required for DNA maintenance, replication and recombination Sutton and Walker, 2001
DNA polymerase I Magnesium DNA replication and repair Meyer et al., 2004
DNA primase Iron Catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer complementary to the single-stranded DNA template Schumacher et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2004
Fanconi anemia, complementation group J (FANCJ) Iron Promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair of damaged DNA Kee and D’Andrea, 2010
Hemocyanin Copper Function in the transport or storage of O2 Scudiero et al., 2007
Hemoglobin Iron Carries oxygen from respiratory organs to the rest of the body and acts as a biological Fenton reagent to promote heme degradation through the generation of ROS Gourianov and Kluger, 2003; Goodarzi et al., 2014
Hexokinase Magnesium Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses forming hexose phosphate Aleshin et al., 1998
Manganese catalases Magnesium Catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 to H2O and O2 Yoder et al., 2000
MMS19 Iron Functions in DNA repair, chromosome segregation, and heterochromatin silencing Stehling et al., 2013
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Manganese Detoxifies free radicles and protects cells from potential damage caused by excessive amounts of ROS Candas and Li, 2014
Myoglobin Iron Primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues Garry and Mammen, 2007
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) Iron Catalyzes the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine Rodrigo et al., 2013
P2 DNA polymerase IV Magnesium DNA replication and repair Ling et al., 2001
Plastocyanin Copper Functions as an electron transfer agent between cytochrome f of the cytochrome b6f complex from photosystem II and P700+ from photosystem I Peers and Price, 2006
DNA repair helicase RAD3 Mediates nucleotide excision repair (NER) process Lee et al., 2000
Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) Iron Functions in telomere-length regulation, DNA repair and in the maintenance of genomic stability Uringa et al., 2011
Small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) Iron Catalyzes the reductive synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from their corresponding ribonucleotides Zhang, 2014
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) Copper and zinc Functions in apoptotic signaling and in oxidative stress Valentine et al., 2005; Yoon et al., 2009
Taq DNA polymerase Magnesium DNA replication and repair Li et al., 1999
T7 DNA polymerase Magnesium DNA replication and repair Doublié et al., 1998
Xanthine oxidase (XO) Molybdenum Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine Kelley et al., 2010
Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Iron Mediates NER process Cappelli et al., 1999
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