Mechanical, thermal and fire retardation behaviours of nanoclay/vinylester nanocomposites

doi:10.1007/s11706-011-0149-x

Front Mater Sci

2011, Vol. 5

Issue (4) : 401-411 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-011-0149-x

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Mechanical, thermal and fire retardation behaviours of nanoclay/vinylester nanocomposites

K. R. VISHNU MAHESH¹, H. N. NARASIMHA MURTHY²(

), B. E. KUMARA SWAMY¹, S. C. SHARMA³, R. SRIDHAR², Niranjan PATTAR², M. KRISHNA², B. S. SHERIGARA¹

1. Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga 577451, Karnataka, India; 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India; 3. Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, Karnataka, India

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Abstract

The dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT) in vinylester for preparing nanoclay/vinylester gel coat was reported. Two sets of MMT/vinylester specimens, namely Type 1 and Type 2, were prepared for comparative studies. Type 1 specimens were prepared using ultrasonication only, and Type 2 specimens were prepared using both ultrasonication and twin-screw extrusion. According to XRD and TEM results, Type 2 specimens showed lower levels of nanoclay agglomeration and higher levels of exfoliation. DSC results showed that the glass transition temperatures of Type 2 specimens are higher than those of Type 1 specimens. TGA results showed that the residual weight of 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester of Type 1 was 7.38%, while the corresponding value of Type 2 was 13.5%, indicating lower thermal degradation in the latter. MMT/vinylester/glass and MMT/vinylester/carbon specimens were fabricated and tested for mechanical and fire retardation behaviours. Type 2 based nanocomposite laminates showed greater values of ultimate tensile strength, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, impact strength, horizontal burning rate, and vertical burning rate than Type 1 based laminates. SEM images of tensile fractured surfaces revealed that Type 2 based laminates have no or less agglomeration of nanoclay than Type 1 based laminates.

Keywords twin-screw extrusion montmorillonite nanoclay nanocomposite vinylester

Corresponding Author(s): NARASIMHA MURTHY H. N.,Email:hnmdatta@yahoo.com

Issue Date: 05 December 2011

Cite this article:

K. R. VISHNU MAHESH,H. N. NARASIMHA MURTHY,B. E. KUMARA SWAMY, et al. Mechanical, thermal and fire retardation behaviours of nanoclay/vinylester nanocomposites[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2011, 5(4): 401-411.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-011-0149-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2011/V5/I4/401

Tab.1 Specifications of ultrasonicator

Fig.1 Configuration of screw elements selected.

Tab.2 Specifications of co-rotating twin-screw extruder

Fig.2 XRD patterns of Type 1 specimens with different MMT loadings. (a — 1 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; b — 2 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; c — 3 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; d — 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; e — 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; f — pure MMT)

Fig.3 Comparison of XRD patterns of Type 1 and Type 2 specimens. (a — 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 2; b — 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1; c — 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 2; d — 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1)

Fig.4 TEM images of 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1, 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1, 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 2, and 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 2.

Fig.5 DSC curves of 0-5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1 specimens indicating different values.

Fig.6 DSC curves of 0-5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 2 specimens indicating different values.

Fig.7 Comparison of values of 0-5 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1 and Type 2 specimens.

Fig.8 TGA thermograms of 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester Type 1 and Type 2 specimens.

Fig.9 Effect of MMT loading on mechanical properties of vinylester based GFRP and CFRP composites Type 1 and Type 2 specimens: UTS; flexural strength; ILSS; impact energy.

Fig.10 Effect of MMT loading on VBR of vinylester based GFRP and CFRP composites.

Fig.11 Effect of MMT loading on HBR of vinylester based GFRP and CFRP composites.

Fig.12 SEM images revealing the fracture surfaces of vinylester/glass, vinylester/carbon, 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester/glass Type 1, 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester/glass Type 2, 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester/glass Type 1, 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester/glass Type 2, 4 wt.% MMT/vinylester/carbon Type 2, and 5 wt.% MMT/vinylester/carbon Type 2.

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