Managing nutrient for both food security and environmental sustainability in China: an experiment for the world

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2014006

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

0, Vol.

Issue () : 53-61 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2014006

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Managing nutrient for both food security and environmental sustainability in China: an experiment for the world

Fusuo ZHANG(

),Zhenling CUI,Weifeng ZHANG

Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

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Abstract

The challenges of how to simultaneously ensure global food security, improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and protect the environment have received increasing attention. However, the dominant agricultural paradigm still considers high yield and reducing environmental impacts to be in conflict with one another. Here we examine a Three-Step-Strategy of past 20 years to produce more with less in China, showing that tremendous progress has been made to reduce N fertilizer input without sacrificing crop yield. The first step is to use technology for in-season root-zone nutrient management to significantly increase NUE. The second is to use technology for integrated nutrient management to increase both yield and NUE by 15%–20%. The third step is to use technology for integrated soil-crop system management to increase yield and NUE by 30%–50% simultaneously. These advances can thus be considered an effective agricultural paradigm to ensure food security, while increasing NUE and improving environmental quality.

Keywords integrated nutrient management integrated soil-crop system management environmental protection food security resource use efficiency

Corresponding Author(s): Fusuo ZHANG

Issue Date: 22 May 2014

Cite this article:

Fusuo ZHANG,Zhenling CUI,Weifeng ZHANG. Managing nutrient for both food security and environmental sustainability in China: an experiment for the world[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 0, (): 53-61.

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https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2014006
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y0/V/I/53

Fig.1 Conceptual framework for nutrient management development with Three-Step Strategy to synchronously increase crop productivity, improve resource use efficiency, and protect the environment. (1)Reducing input without sacrificing yield by in-season root-zone nutrient management; (2) increasing yield and NUE significantly by 15%–20% by integrated nutrient management; (3) maximizing the productivity and sustainability at the same time to increase yield and NUE by 30%–50% by integrated soil-crop system management. The red dot means current farming practice.

Fig.2 Schematic of in-season root-zone N management for maize production in China, and performance of IRNM for wheat and maize on the North China Plain. Mean N rate, grain yield, N balance, recovery N efficiency (RE_N) and Nr losses intensity. Modified from Cui et al. [19,20]

Fig.3 Performance of INM in China. (a) 158 locations (red dots) for INM dissemination in China; (b) increased yield, reduced N fertilizer rate, and increased net income of INM for different crops including wheat, maize, rice, vegetable, fruit, rape, and cotton, compared farmers’ practice. Δyield, N fertilizer, and net income mean the different yields, N fertilizer rate, and net income between INM and farmer’s practice. Modified from Zhang et al. [45]

Fig.4 Conceptual framework for the ISSM approach. Using the Hybrid-Maize model [29] (1), we selected the most appropriate combination of planting date, crop maturity, and crop variety to optimize capture of radiation and favorable growing conditions at a given site. Using an IRNM strategy [32, 33] (2), we managed total N supply to match high-yielding crop N requirements in time, space, and quantity. The Table includes mean maize grain yield and modeled yield potential, N balance (fertilizer inputs-harvest outputs), and N applied per unit of grain produced for different management systems. Modified from Chen et al. (2011) [9]

Fig.5 The trends in (a) grain production and chemical nitrogen fertilizer inputs for cereal production in China from 2003 to 2012, and (b) the difference of RE_N between 2001–2005 and 2011–2012 for rice, wheat and maize. Source data: cereal production comes from FAO; nitrogen fertilizer consumption comes from China’s report of development and research on fertilizer; NUE comes from the Ministry of Agriculture of China.

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