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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Front Envir Sci Eng    0, Vol. Issue () : 851-859    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-013-0569-1
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Diversity and vertical distributions of sediment bacteria in an urban river contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals
Xunan YANG, Shan HUANG, Qunhe WU(), Renduo ZHANG, Guangli LIU
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the benthic bacterial communities in different depths of an urban river sediment accumulated with high concentrations of nutrients and metals. Vertical distributions of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and chemical parameters (nutrients: NH4+, NO3-, dissolved organic carbon, and acid volatile sulfur; metals: Fe, Zn, and Cu) were characterized in 30 cm sediment cores. The bacterial OTUs were measured using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Biodiversity indexes and multivariate statistical analyses were used to characterize the spatial distributions of microbial diversity in response to the environmental parameters. Results showed that concentrations of the nutrients and metals in this river sediment were higher than those in similar studies. Furthermore, high microbial richness and diversity appeared in the sediment. The diversity did not vary obviously in the whole sediment profile. The change of the diversity indexes and the affiliations of the OTUs showed that the top layer had different bacterial community structure from deeper layers due to the hydrological disturbance and redox change in the surface sediment. The dominant bacterial OTUs ubiquitously existed in the deeper sediment layers (5–27 cm) corresponding to the distributions of the nutrients and metals. With much higher diversity than the dominant OTUs, the minor bacterial assemblages varied with depths, which might be affected by the sedimentation process and the environmental competition pressure.
Keywords heavy metals      nutrients      sediment profile      terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism     
Corresponding Author(s): WU Qunhe,Email:eeswqh@mail.sysu.edu.cn   
Issue Date: 01 December 2013
 Cite this article:   
Xunan YANG,Shan HUANG,Qunhe WU, et al. Diversity and vertical distributions of sediment bacteria in an urban river contaminated by nutrients and heavy metals[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 0, (): 851-859.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-013-0569-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y0/V/I/851
depth/cmNO3-/(mmol·L-1)NH4+/(mmol·L-1)AVS/(μmol·g-1·dwa))TN/(g·kg-1 dw)TOC/(g·kg-1 dw)DOC/(g·kg-1 dw)
0-20.0310±0.0008b)1.069±0.00512.03±0.211.11±0.0315.15±0.277.71±0.02
5-70.0273±0.00011.547±0.02026.86±0.261.71±0.0236.17±0.358.08±0.02
10-120.0802±0.00015.484±0.05125.04±0.232.80±0.0357.06±0.537.88±0.04
15-170.0255±0.00011.211±0.10129.68±0.011.45±0.1227.40±0.016.69±0.13
20-220.0283±0.00082.671±0.00426.08±0.161.40±0.0420.25±0.128.55±0.00
25-270.0291±0.00012.109±0.06327.55±0.401.44±0.0518.85±0.278.34±0.01
Tab.1  Nutrient concentrations in the sediment core and pore water
depth /cmmetals in sediment/(g·kg-1 dry weight)
FeEASa) of FeZnEAS of ZnCuEAS of Cu
0-236.0±1.5b)0.89±0.04 (2.17%)c)1.15±0.060.59±0.01 (50.18%)0.38±0.020.044±0.001 (12.32%)
5-735.9±2.61.10±0.08 (2.55%)1.31±0.140.80±0.06 (51.47%)0.45±0.030.053±0.005 (10.72%)
10-1235.2±2.21.08±0.08 (2.69%)1.20±0.110.65±0.07 (54.93%)0.37±0.020.041±0.002 (11.39%)
15-1733.6±2.51.17±0.07 (3.60%)1.15±0.060.65±0.05 (54.54%)0.46±0.030.051±0.003 (10.72%)
20-2237.1±1.80.91±0.07 (2.22%)1.30±0.040.64±0.01 (48.86%)0.44±0.020.038±0.002 (10.59%)
25-2730.8±1.70.82±0.06 (2.47%)1.12±0.050.59±0.03 (49.29%)0.34±0.020.038±0.002 (10.57%)
Tab.2  Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment core
depth /cmrichness (T-RFs)Shannon’s index (H’)Simpson’s index (D)evenness (J)
0-21204.110.0270.86
5-71184.230.0110.89
10-121024.150.0130.90
15-171284.320.0110.89
20-221024.190.0130.91
25-271194.300.0100.90
Tab.3  Microbial diversity indexes in different sediment layers
Fig.1  The depth-related similarity of (a) the species distributions (represented by the square and S, for example, S_25-27 denoted the species at the 25-27 cm layer) and (b) the environmental variable distributions (represented by the triangles and E, for example, E_0-2 denoted the environmental variables at the top layer). The eigenvalues of the first two axes (PCA1 and PCA2) were 0.229 and 0.243, respectively, for (a), and 0.429 and 0.294, respectively, for (b)
Fig.2  Distribution of 16S rDNA phylogenetic assignments matched known bacteria based on T-RF sizes
Fig.3  (a) Relationships between the nutrients (,, AVS, and DOC) and the dominant T-RFs, and (b) relationships between the exchangeable and acid soluble fraction of Fe, Zn and Cu (Fe_EAS, Zn_EAS, and Cu_EAS, respectively) and the dominant T-RFs. The eigenvalues of the first two axes (RDA1 and RDA2) were 0.702 and 0.128, respectively, for (a), and 0.474 and 0.091, respectively, for (b). The species-environment correlations of the first two axes (RDA1 and RDA2) were 0.997 and 0.994, respectively, for (a), and 0.848 and 0.894, respectively, for (b)
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