Cesium removal from radioactive wastewater by adsorption and membrane technology

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1798-1

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (3) : 38 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1798-1

REVIEW ARTICLE

Cesium removal from radioactive wastewater by adsorption and membrane technology

Shuting Zhuang^1,², Jianlong Wang^2,³(

)

¹. School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
². Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
³. Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

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Abstract

● Removal of cesium from radioactive wastewater is still a challenging.

● Main approaches used for waste treatment in Fukushima Daiichi accident were reviewed.

● Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system and ALPS were briefly introduced.

● The removal of cesium by adsorption and membrane separation were summarized.

Radiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater, while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius, high diffusion coefficient, and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elements with high background concentrations. This review summarized and analyzed the recent advances in the removal of Cs⁺ from aqueous solutions, with a particular focus on adsorption and membrane separation methods. Various inorganic, organic, and biological adsorbents have undergone assessments to determine their efficacy in the removal of cesium ions. Additionally, membrane-based separation techniques, including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, have also shown promise in effectively separating cesium ions from radioactive wastewater. Additionally, this review summarized the main approaches, including Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system and advanced liquid processing system, implemented after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan to remove radionuclides from contaminated water. Adsorption technology and membrane separation technology play a vital role in treatment of contaminated water.

Keywords Cesium Adsorption Membrane separation Advanced liquid processing system Fukushima nuclear accident

Corresponding Author(s): Jianlong Wang

Issue Date: 11 December 2023

Cite this article:

Shuting Zhuang,Jianlong Wang. Cesium removal from radioactive wastewater by adsorption and membrane technology[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(3): 38.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1798-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I3/38

Fig.1 Key adsorbents and their mechanisms for cesium ions removal.

Tab.1 Various adsorbents for cesium ions

Tab.2 Cesium adsorption capacity by some typical adsorbents

Tab.3 Membrane separation technology used for cesium removal

Fig.2 Diagram of membrane separation technologies (Wang and Zhuang, 2019c).

Fig.3 Diagram of the forward osmosis (FO) system (Liu et al., 2020).

Fig.4 Diagram of four types of membrane distillation. (a) Direct contact membrane distillation; (b) air gap membrane distillation; (c) sweeping gas membrane distillation; (d) vacuum membrane distillation (Wang and Zhuang, 2019c).

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system for the treatment of Fukushima Daiichi waste effluents.

Tab.4 Key parameters comparison of three sets of Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS)

Fig.6 Flow chart of the ALPS used in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

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