Analysis and treatment of microplastics in water treatment: research trends, perspectives and implications
Jiong Zhou1, Ao Shuai1, Tongshuo Liu1, Shuxuan Lin1, Lin Li1, Hai Liang1, Yumeng He1, Yuntao Xin2, Qiang He1, Caihong Liu1()
. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China . College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
In recent years, concerns regarding the adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) on both the environment and human life have been increasingly raised. The presence of MPs in the aquatic environment and relevant treatment attracts growing attention worldwide. To address the rising concerns about public health and the regulatory pressure, numerous endeavors have been directed toward the development of effective analysis and treatment technologies for the removal of MPs from water. This review aimed to reveal recent research trends, perspectives and implications of MPs presented in the field of water treatment. First, a bibliometric analysis, including spatial and temporal trends assessment, publication and keywords analysis, was conducted to offer insights into its development history and research trends. Next, keyword analysis on recent literature was conducted to examine the temporal and categorical patterns of high-frequency research trends. Then, based on keywords analysis, the research progress and hotspots of MPs research within the domain of water treatment were discussed as four categories: sampling and detection methods for aquatic MPs, MPs as carriers of contaminants upon exposure to water environment, the ecological pollution by MPs, and technology development for MPs removal. Finally, challenges of MPs in water treatment and future implications to existing research field were also presented.
Jiong Zhou,Ao Shuai,Tongshuo Liu, et al. Analysis and treatment of microplastics in water treatment: research trends, perspectives and implications[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.,
2024, 18(12): 157.
Fig.1 (a) Annual publications, (b) the average publication year and (c) average citation of documents published by different countries.
Fig.2 The distribution of journals published articles related to MPs in water treatment based on (a) average citation and (b) average publication year.
Fig.3 (a) Temporal distribution network of keywords about MPs in water treatment, (b) cluster analysis network of keywords.
Fig.4 (a) Changes based on frequency of keywords occurrence and (b) evolution trend of the top 50 keywords based on trend factor and normalized cumulative frequency.
Fig.5 (a) A flowchart for MPs sampling and identification, (b) main techniques for detecting MPs.
Coagulation-flocculation, Sand filtration (Pivokonsky et al., 2018)
★★☆☆☆
★★★★☆
★★★★★
Coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, sand and activated carbon filtration (Pivokonsky et al., 2018)
★★☆☆☆
★★★★☆
★★★★★
Coagulation-flocculation, flotation, sand and activated carbon filtration (Pivokonsky et al., 2018)
★★★★☆
★★★☆☆
★★★★☆
Adsorption (Tang et al., 2021; Rong et al., 2022)
★★★★★
★★★☆☆
★★★★★
Membrane (Bodzek and Pohl, 2023; Yang et al., 2023)
★★★★★
★★☆☆☆
★★★☆☆
Electrocoagulation (Perren et al., 2018; Shen et al., 2022)
★★★☆☆
★★★☆☆
★★☆☆☆
Magnetic extraction (Grbic et al., 2019; Budhiraja et al., 2022)
Chemical
★★★☆☆
★☆☆☆☆
★★★★☆
Advanced oxidation processes (Liu et al., 2019; Nabi et al., 2020)
Biological
★☆☆☆☆
★★★★★
★★★★★
Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (Auta et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2022b)
★★★★★
★★★☆☆
★★★★★
Membrane bioreactor (Li et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2022a; Yi et al., 2022)
★★☆☆☆
★★★★☆
★★★★★
Biofilter (Liu et al., 2020; Kuoppamäki et al., 2021)
Tab.1 MPs removal technologies and their removal efficiency and evaluation of cost and feasibility (more stars mean more efficient, lower cost and more feasible)
Fig.10 The existing research challenges and future research requirements.
1
R Akhbarizadeh, F Moore, B Keshavarzi. (2019). Investigating microplastics bioaccumulation and biomagnification in seafood from the Persian Gulf: a threat to human health? Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 36(11): 1696–1708 https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1649473
2
M S M Al-Azzawi, M Funck, M Kunaschk, Esch E V Der, O Jacob, K P Freier, T C Schmidt, M Elsner, N P Ivleva, J Tuerk. et al.. (2022). Microplastic sampling from wastewater treatment plant effluents: best-practices and synergies between thermoanalytical and spectroscopic analysis. Water Research, 219: 118549 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118549
3
O S Alimi, D Claveau-Mallet, R S Kurusu, M Lapointe, S Bayen, N Tufenkji (2022). Weathering pathways and protocols for environmentally relevant microplastics and nanoplastics: What are we missing? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423: 126955
4
L Anagnosti, A Varvaresou, P Pavlou, E Protopapa, V Carayanni (2021). Worldwide actions against plastic pollution from microbeads and microplastics in cosmetics focusing on European policies: Has the issue been handled effectively? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 162: 111883
5
U Anand, S Dey, E Bontempi, S Ducoli, A D Vethaak, A Dey, S Federici. (2023). Biotechnological methods to remove microplastics: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(3): 1787–1810 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01552-4
H S Auta, C U Emenike, B Jayanthi, S H Fauziah. (2018). Growth kinetics and biodeterioration of polypropylene microplastics by Bacillus sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from mangrove sediment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 127: 15–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.036
8
R Bai, Z Li, Q Liu, Q Liu, J Cui, W He. (2024). The reciprocity principle in mulch film deterioration and microplastic generation. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, 26(1): 8–15 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00402C
9
A P W Barrows, C A Neumann, M L Berger, S D Shaw. (2017). Grab vs. neuston tow net: a microplastic sampling performance comparison and possible advances in the field. Analytical Methods, 9(9): 1446–1453 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02387H
10
S M Bashir, S Kimiko, C W Mak, J K H Fang, D Gonçalves. (2021). Personal care and cosmetic products as a potential source of environmental contamination by microplastics in a densely populated Asian city. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8: 683482 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.683482
11
K Bhagat, A C Barrios, K Rajwade, A Kumar, J Oswald, O Apul, F Perreault. (2022). Aging of microplastics increases their adsorption affinity towards organic contaminants. Chemosphere, 298: 134238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134238
12
P Bhatt, V M Pathak, A R Bagheri, M Bilal. (2021). Microplastic contaminants in the aqueous environment, fate, toxicity consequences, and remediation strategies. Environmental Research, 200: 111762 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111762
13
S D Burrows, S Frustaci, K V Thomas, T Galloway. (2020). Expanding exploration of dynamic microplastic surface characteristics and interactions. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 130: 115993 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115993
14
L Cabernard, L Roscher, C Lorenz, G Gerdts, S Primpke. (2018). Comparison of Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the quantification of microplastics in the aquatic environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(22): 13279–13288 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03438
15
E Can-Güven. (2021). Microplastics as emerging atmospheric pollutants: a review and bibliometric analysis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 14(2): 203–215 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00926-3
16
S A Carr, J Liu, A G Tesoro. (2016). Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 91: 174–182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.002
17
R W Chia, J Y Lee, H Kim, J Jang. (2021). Microplastic pollution in soil and groundwater: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(6): 4211–4224 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01297-6
18
M Cole, Y Artioli, R Coppock, G Galli, R Saad, R Torres, T Vance, A Yunnie, P K Lindeque. (2023). Mussel power: scoping a nature-based solution to microplastic debris. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 453: 131392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131392
19
M Cole, P Lindeque, C Halsband, T S Galloway. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12): 2588–2597 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
20
S Eo, S H Hong, Y K Song, G M Han, S Seo, W J Shim. (2021). Prevalence of small high-density microplastics in the continental shelf and deep sea waters of East Asia. Water Research, 200: 117238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117238
21
A M D Finnegan, R Süsserott, S E Gabbott, C Gouramanis. (2022). Man-made natural and regenerated cellulosic fibres greatly outnumber microplastic fibres in the atmosphere. Environmental Pollution, 310: 119808 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119808
L Fu, J Li, G Wang, Y Luan, W Dai. (2021). Adsorption behavior of organic pollutants on microplastics. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 217: 112207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112207
24
F Galgani, G Hanke, S Werner, L De Vrees. (2013). Marine litter within the European marine strategy framework directive. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70(6): 1055–1064 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst122
W Gong, Y Xing, L Han, A Lu, H Qu, L Xu. (2012). Occurrence and distribution of micro- and mesoplastics in the high-latitude nature reserve, northern China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16(9): 113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1534-7
27
J Grbic, B Nguyen, E Guo, J B You, D Sinton, C M Rochman. (2019). Magnetic extraction of microplastics from environmental samples. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 6(2): 68–72 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00671
28
A Hasan Anik, S Hossain, M Alam, M Binte Sultan, M D T Hasnine, M M Rahman. (2021). Microplastics pollution: a comprehensive review on the sources, fates, effects, and potential remediation. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 16: 100530 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100530
29
V Hidalgo-Ruz, L Gutow, R C Thompson, M Thiel. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6): 3060–3075 https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
30
L Hildebrandt, N Voigt, T Zimmermann, A Reese, D Proefrock. (2019). Evaluation of continuous flow centrifugation as an alternative technique to sample microplastic from water bodies. Marine Environmental Research, 151: 104768 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104768
31
J Hu, F Y Lim, J Hu. (2023). Characteristics and behaviors of microplastics undergoing photoaging and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) initiated aging. Water Research, 232: 119628 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119628
32
H Huang, Z Sun, S Liu, Y Di, J Xu, C Liu, R Xu, H Song, S Zhan, J Wu. (2021a). Underwater hyperspectral imaging for in situ underwater microplastic detection. Science of the Total Environment, 776: 145960 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145960
33
Z Huang, Y Weng, Q Shen, Y Zhao, Y Jin. (2021b). Microplastic: a potential threat to human and animal health by interfering with the intestinal barrier function and changing the intestinal microenvironment. Science of the Total Environment, 785: 147365 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147365
34
J R Jambeck, R Geyer, C Wilcox, T R Siegler, M Perryman, A Andrady, R Narayan, K L Law. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223): 768–771 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352
35
L C Jenner, J M Rotchell, R T Bennett, M Cowen, V Tentzeris, L R Sadofsky. (2022). Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using muFTIR spectroscopy. Science of the Total Environment, 831: 154907 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154907
36
Y Jiang, F Yang, S S U Hassan Kazmi, Y Zhao, M Chen, J Wang. (2022). A review of microplastic pollution in seawater, sediments and organisms of the Chinese coastal and marginal seas. Chemosphere, 286: 131677 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131677
37
M P Johansen, E Prentice, T Cresswell, N Howell (2018). Initial data on adsorption of Cs and Sr to the surfaces of microplastics with biofilm. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 190–191: 130–133
38
E G Karakolis, B Nguyen, J B You, C M Rochman, D Sinton. (2019). Fluorescent dyes for visualizing microplastic particles and fibers in laboratory-based studies. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 6(6): 334–340 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00241
39
A Keswani, D M Oliver, T Gutierrez, R S Quilliam. (2016). Microbial hitchhikers on marine plastic debris: human exposure risks at bathing waters and beach environments. Marine Environmental Research, 118: 10–19 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.04.006
40
P J Kole, A J Löhr, Belleghem F G Van, A M Ragas. (2017). Wear and tear of tyres: a stealthy source of microplastics in the environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10): 1265 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101265
41
P Koyuncuoğlu, G Erden. (2023). Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study of Denizli/Turkey. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(8): 99 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1699-8
42
R Lenz, K Enders, C A Stedmon, D M A Mackenzie, T G Nielsen. (2015). A critical assessment of visual identification of marine microplastic using Raman spectroscopy for analysis improvement. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 100(1): 82–91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.026
43
J Li, H Liu, J Paul Chen. (2018). Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence, environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Research, 137: 362–374 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056
44
L Li, D Liu, K Song, Y Zhou. (2020). Performance evaluation of MBR in treating microplastics polyvinylchloride contaminated polluted surface water. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 150: 110724 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110724
45
Y Li, M Li, Z Li, L Yang, X Liu. (2019). Effects of particle size and solution chemistry on triclosan sorption on polystyrene microplastic. Chemosphere, 231: 308–314 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.116
F Liu, N B Nord, K Bester, J Vollertsen. (2020). Microplastics removal from treated wastewater by a biofilter. Water, 12(4): 1085 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041085
48
L Liu, R Fokkink, A A Koelmans. (2016). Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to polystyrene nanoplastic. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35(7): 1650–1655 https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3311
49
W Liu, J Zhang, H Liu, X Guo, X Zhang, X Yao, Z Cao, T Zhang. (2021). A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: Characteristics and mechanisms. Environment International, 146: 106277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106277
50
Z Liu, Z Su, J Chen, J Zou, Z Liu, Y Li, J Wang, L Wu, H Wei, J Zhang. (2023). Polyethylene microplastics can attenuate soil carbon sequestration by reducing plant photosynthetic carbon assimilation and transfer: evidence from a 13C-labeling mesocosm study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 385: 135558 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135558
51
L Lv, X Yan, L Feng, S Jiang, Z Lu, H Xie, S Sun, J Chen, C Li. (2019). Challenge for the detection of microplastics in the environment. Water Environment Research, 93(1): 5–15 https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1281
52
F K Mammo, I D Amoah, K M Gani, L Pillay, S K Ratha, F Bux, S Kumari. (2020). Microplastics in the environment: interactions with microbes and chemical contaminants. Science of the Total Environment, 743: 140518 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140518
53
S A Mason, V G Welch, J Neratko. (2018). Synthetic polymer contamination in bottled water. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6: 407 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00407
54
J T Mathew, A Inobeme, B O Adetuyi, C O Adetunji, O A Popoola, F Y Olaitan, O Akinbo, M Shahnawaz, O A Oyewole, M B Yerima (2024). General Introduction of Microplastic: Uses, Types, and Generation. In: Shahnawaz M, Adetunji C O, Dar M A, Zhu D, eds. Microplastic Pollution. Singapore: Springer Nature
55
Y Mato, T Isobe, H Takada, H Kanehiro, C Ohtake, T Kaminuma. (2001). Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(2): 318–324 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0010498
56
A McCormick, T J Hoellein, S A Mason, J Schluep, J J Kelly. (2014). Microplastic is an abundant and distinct microbial habitat in an urban river. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(20): 11863–11871 https://doi.org/10.1021/es503610r
57
S Miri, R Saini, S M Davoodi, R Pulicharla, S K Brar, S Magdouli. (2022). Biodegradation of microplastics: better late than never. Chemosphere, 286: 131670 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131670
58
I Nabi, A-U-R Bacha, K Li, H Cheng, T Wang, Y Liu, S Ajmal, Y Yang, Y Feng, L Zhang. (2020). Complete photocatalytic mineralization of microplastic on TiO2 nanoparticle film. iScience, 23(7): 101326 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101326
59
I E Napper, A Bakir, S J Rowland, R C Thompson. (2015). Characterisation, quantity and sorptive properties of microplastics extracted from cosmetics. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 99(1−2): 178–185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.029
60
N Naqash, S Prakash, D Kapoor, R Singh. (2020). Interaction of freshwater microplastics with biota and heavy metals: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 18(6): 1813–1824 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01044-3
61
S E Nelms, T S Galloway, B J Godley, D S Jarvis, P K Lindeque. (2018). Investigating microplastic trophic transfer in marine top predators. Environmental Pollution, 238: 999–1007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.016
62
B Nguyen, D Claveau-Mallet, L M Hernandez, E G Xu, J M Farner, N Tufenkji. (2019). Separation and analysis of microplastics and nanoplastics in complex environmental samples. Accounts of Chemical Research, 52(4): 858–866 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00602
63
S Oberbeckmann, M G J Löder, M Labrenz. (2015). Marine microplastic-associated biofilms: a review. Environmental Chemistry, 12(5): 551–562 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN15069
64
Pang L, Lin Q, Zhao S, Zheng H, Li C, Zhang J, Sun C, Chen L, Li F (2023). Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable? Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(8): 94
65
R Peñalver, N Arroyo-Manzanares, I Lopez-Garcia, M Hernandez-Cordoba. (2020). An overview of microplastics characterization by thermal analysis. Chemosphere, 242: 125170 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125170
66
L Peng, D Fu, H Qi, C Q Lan, H Yu, C Ge. (2020). Micro-and nano-plastics in marine environment: Source, distribution and threats: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 698: 134254 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134254
67
W Perren, A Wojtasik, Q Cai. (2018). Removal of microbeads from wastewater using electrocoagulation. ACS Omega, 3(3): 3357–3364 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b02037
68
M Pittroff, Y K Müller, C S Witzig, M Scheurer, F R Storck, N Zumbülte. (2021). Microplastic analysis in drinking water based on fractionated filtration sampling and Raman microspectroscopy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(42): 59439–59451 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12467-y
69
M Pivokonsky, L Cermakova, K Novotna, P Peer, T Cajthaml, V Janda. (2018). Occurrence of microplastics in raw and treated drinking water. Science of the Total Environment, 643: 1644–1651 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.102
J C Prata, J P Da Costa, A C Duarte, T Rocha-Santos. (2019). Methods for sampling and detection of microplastics in water and sediment: a critical review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110: 150–159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.029
72
S Primpke, M Wirth, C Lorenz, G Gerdts. (2018). Reference database design for the automated analysis of microplastic samples based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 410(21): 5131–5141 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1156-x
73
Z A Pushan, E Rahman, N Islam, N Aich. (2022). A critical review of the emerging research on the detection and assessment of microplastics pollution in the coastal, marine, and urban Bangladesh. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16(10): 128 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1563-2
74
H Qu, H Diao, J Han, B Wang, G Yu. (2023). Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(1): 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1612-5
75
Z Ren, X Gui, Y Wei, X Chen, X Xu, L Zhao, H Qiu, X Cao. (2021). Chemical and photo-initiated aging enhances transport risk of microplastics in saturated soils: key factors, mechanisms, and modeling. Water Research, 202: 117407 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117407
76
I A Ricardo, E A Alberto, Júnior A H Silva, D L P Macuvele, N Padoin, C Soares, Riella H Gracher, M C V M Starling, A G Trovó. (2021). A critical review on microplastics, interaction with organic and inorganic pollutants, impacts and effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes applied for their removal from aqueous matrices. Chemical Engineering Journal, 424: 130282 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130282
77
K Rizwan, M Bilal. (2022). Developments in advanced oxidation processes for removal of microplastics from aqueous matrices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 29(58): 86933–86953 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23545-0
78
V Rocher, C Paffoni, A Gonçalves, S Guérin, S Azimi, J Gasperi, R Moilleron, A Pauss. (2012). Municipal wastewater treatment by biofiltration: comparisons of various treatment layouts. Water Science and Technology, 65(9): 1705–1712 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.105
79
C M Rochman, B T Hentschel, S J Teh. (2014). Long-term sorption of metals is similar among plastic types: implications for plastic debris in aquatic environments. PLoS One, 9(1): e85433 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085433
80
X Rong, X Chen, P Li, C Zhao, S Peng, H Ma, H Qu. (2022). Mechanically durable anti-bacteria non-fluorinated superhydrophobic sponge for highly efficient and fast microplastic and oil removal. Chemosphere, 299: 134493 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134493
81
N Saini, M Singhania, M Hasan, M P Yadav, M Z Abedin. (2022). Non-financial disclosures and sustainable development: a scientometric analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 381: 135173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135173
82
G F Schirinzi, I Perez-Pomeda, J Sanchis, C Rossini, M Farre, D Barcelo. (2017). Cytotoxic effects of commonly used nanomaterials and microplastics on cerebral and epithelial human cells. Environmental Research, 159: 579–587 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.043
83
D Schymanski, B E Oßmann, N Benismail, K Boukerma, G Dallmann, Der Esch E Von, D Fischer, F Fischer, D Gilliland, K Glas. et al.. (2021). Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 413(24): 5969–5994 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03498-y
84
K Senathirajah, R Kandaiah, L Panneerselvan, C I Sathish, T Palanisami. (2023). Fate and transformation of microplastics due to electrocoagulation treatment: impacts of polymer type and shape. Environmental Pollution, 334: 122159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122159
85
M Shen, B Song, Y Zhu, G Zeng, Y Zhang, Y Yang, X Wen, M Chen, H Yi. (2020). Removal of microplastics via drinking water treatment: current knowledge and future directions. Chemosphere, 251: 126612 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126612
86
X Shi, X Zhang, W Gao, Y Zhang, D He. (2022). Removal of microplastics from water by magnetic nano-Fe3O4. Science of the Total Environment, 802: 149838 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149838
87
Y K Song, S H Hong, M Jang, G M Han, S W Jung, W J Shim. (2017). Combined effects of UV exposure duration and mechanical abrasion on microplastic fragmentation by polymer type. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(8): 4368–4376 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06155
88
R M Sorensen, B Jovanovic. (2021). From nanoplastic to microplastic: a bibliometric analysis on the presence of plastic particles in the environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 163: 111926 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111926
89
D A Strifling. (2016). The microbead-free waters act of 2015. Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law, 32(1): 151–166
90
J Talvitie, A Mikola, A Koistinen, O Setala. (2017). Solutions to microplastic pollution: removal of microplastics from wastewater effluent with advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Water Research, 123: 401–407 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.005
91
Y Tang, S Zhang, Y Su, D Wu, Y Zhao, B Xie. (2021). Removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions by magnetic carbon nanotubes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 406: 126804 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126804
92
J Teng, J Zhao, C Zhang, B Cheng, A A Koelmans, D Wu, M Gao, X Sun, Y Liu, Q Wang. (2020). A systems analysis of microplastic pollution in Laizhou Bay, China. Science of the Total Environment, 745: 140815 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140815
93
E L Teuten, S J Rowland, T S Galloway, R C Thompson. (2007). Potential for plastics to transport hydrophobic contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(22): 7759–7764 https://doi.org/10.1021/es071737s
94
R C Thompson, Y Olsen, R P Mitchell, A Davis, S J Rowland, A W John, D Mcgonigle, A E Russell (2004). Lost at sea: Where is all the plastic? Science, 304(5672): 838
R Triebskorn, T Braunbeck, T Grummt, L Hanslik, S Huppertsberg, M Jekel, T P Knepper, S Krais, Y K Müller, M Pittroff. et al.. (2019). Relevance of nano- and microplastics for freshwater ecosystems: a critical review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 110: 375–392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.023
97
N J van Eck, L Waltman (2007). VOS: A New Method for Visualizing Similarities Between Objects. In: Decker R, Lenz H J, eds. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
98
N J van Eck, L Waltman. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2): 523–538 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
99
H C Vo, M H Pham. (2021). Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(33): 44716–44725 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14982-4
100
L Waltman, N J van Eck, E C M Noyons. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4): 629–635 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2010.07.002
101
C Wang, S Liang, L Bai, X Gu, X Jin, Z Xian, B Wu, Y S Ok, K Li, R Wang. et al.. (2021a). Structure-dependent surface catalytic degradation of cephalosporin antibiotics on the aged polyvinyl chloride microplastics. Water Research, 206: 117732 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117732
102
F Wang, M Zhang, W Sha, Y Wang, H Hao, Y Dou, Y Li. (2020a). Sorption behavior and mechanisms of organic contaminants to nano and microplastics. Molecules, 25(8): 1827 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081827
103
H Wang, P Liu, M Wang, X Wu, Y Shi, H Huang, S Gao. (2021b). Enhanced phototransformation of atorvastatin by polystyrene microplastics: critical role of aging. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 408: 124756 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124756
104
J Wang, X Guo, J Xue. (2021c). Biofilm-developed microplastics as vectors of pollutants in aquatic environments. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(19): 12780–12790 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04466
105
Y L Wang, Y H Lee, I J Chiu, Y F Lin, H W Chiu. (2020b). Potent impact of plastic nanomaterials and micromaterials on the food chain and human health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(5): 1727 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051727
106
J Wilkinson, P S Hooda, J Barker, S Barton, J Swinden. (2017). Occurrence, fate and transformation of emerging contaminants in water: an overarching review of the field. Environmental Pollution, 231: 954–970 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.032
107
S L Wright, F J Kelly (2017). Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environmental Science & Technology, 51(12): 6634–6647
108
P Wu, Z Cai, H Jin, Y Tang. (2019). Adsorption mechanisms of five bisphenol analogues on PVC microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 650: 671–678 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.049
109
J L Xu, K V Thomas, Z Luo, A A Gowen. (2019). FTIR and Raman imaging for microplastics analysis: state of the art, challenges and prospects. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 119: 115629 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2019.115629
110
J Yang, M Monnot, Y Sun, L Asia, P Wong-Wah-Chung, P Doumenq, P Moulin. (2023). Microplastics in different water samples (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater): removal efficiency of membrane treatment processes. Water Research, 232: 119673 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.119673
111
X Yang, Y B Man, M H Wong, R B Owen, K L Chow. (2022). Environmental health impacts of microplastics exposure on structural organization levels in the human body. Science of the Total Environment, 825: 154025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154025
112
Y Yılmaz, S Seyis. (2021). Mapping the scientific research of the life cycle assessment in the construction industry: a scientometric analysis. Building and Environment, 204: 108086 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108086
113
C Q Y Yong, S Valiyaveettil, B L Tang. (2020). Toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics in mammalian systems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5): 1509 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051509
114
F Yu, C Yang, Z Zhu, X Bai, J Ma. (2019). Adsorption behavior of organic pollutants and metals on micro/nanoplastics in the aquatic environment. Science of the Total Environment, 694: 133643 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133643
115
J Yu, X Ma. (2022). Exploring the management policy of marine microplastic litter in China: overview, challenges and prospects. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 32: 607–618 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.05.018
116
Y Yu, X Liu, Y Liu, J Liu, Y Li. (2023). Photoaging mechanism of microplastics: a perspective on the effect of dissolved organic matter in natural water. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(11): 143 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1743-8
117
Y Yu, S Wang, P Yu, D Wang, B Hu, P Zheng, M Zhang. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of emerging contaminants (ECs) (2001−2021): evolution of hotspots and research trends. Science of the Total Environment, 907: 168116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168116
118
J Zhang, H Chen, H He, X Cheng, T Ma, J Hu, S Yang, S Li, L Zhang. (2020). Adsorption behavior and mechanism of 9-nitroanthracene on typical microplastics in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere, 245: 125628 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125628
119
S Zhao, M Danley, J E Ward, D Li, T J Mincer. (2017). An approach for extraction, characterization and quantitation of microplastic in natural marine snow using Raman microscopy. Analytical Methods, 9(9): 1470–1478 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02302A
120
C Zhou, R Bi, C Su, W Liu, T Wang. (2022). The emerging issue of microplastics in marine environment: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2020. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 179: 113712 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113712
121
X Zhou, J Wei, K Liu, N Liu, B Zhou. (2014). Adsorption of bisphenol a based on synergy between hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Langmuir, 30(46): 13861–13868 https://doi.org/10.1021/la502816m
122
M Zvekic, L C Richards, C C Tong, E T Krogh. (2022). Characterizing photochemical ageing processes of microplastic materials using multivariate analysis of infrared spectra. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts, 24(1): 52–61 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00392E
