Use of DREAM to assess relative risks of presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1873-7

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (9) : 113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1873-7

Use of DREAM to assess relative risks of presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant

Daniela M. Pampanin¹(

), Daniel Schlenk², Matteo Vitale¹, Pierre Liboureau¹, Magne O Sydnes¹

¹. Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 224021, Norway
². Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

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Abstract

● Most prescribed PPCP concentrations were measured in WWTP influent and effluent.

● The WWTP removal efficacy was above 90% for 12 out of 22 PPCPs.

● The use of bioassays was successful in evaluating the WWTP effluent impact.

● There was no risk due to the WWTP discharge related to the 30 selected PPCPs.

● DREAM simulation provided useful info about the WWTP discharge plume distribution.

Concerns related to environmental risks associated with pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have led researchers to seek methods for assessing and monitoring these contaminants in the aquatic environment. Identifying and validating risk assessment tools that can evaluate ecological concerns and risks associated with PPCPs is critical. Herein, the suitability of a dose-related risk and effect assessment model, which estimates predicted environmental concentrations and allowed comparisons with predicted no effect concentrations determined, in combination with in vitro analyses of the whole effluent toxicity, was verified for the characterization of a PPCP hazard. Concentrations of the most utilized PPCPs in Norway were measured in influent and effluent samples and used to parameterize the fate model.

　Greater than 90% removal was attained for 12 out of 22 detected PPCPs. Removal was not dependent on the class or the concentration of the specific substance and varied between 12% and 100%. The PPCPs detected in the discharged wastewater were utilized to assess individual contributions to the risk of the effluent, and no risk was identified for the targeted 30 PPCP. The simulations provided valuable information regarding the discharge plume distribution over time, which can aid planning of future environmental monitoring investigations.

　Bioassays (using fish liver cells, PLHC-1) were used for assessing overall effluent toxicity, through cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species, and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities.

　The present study may allow regulators to use risk-based strategies over removal criteria for monitoring studies and confirms the importance to take PPCP contamination into consideration when establishing environmental regulations.

Keywords Pharmaceuticals Wastewater effluent Ciprofloxacin Metoprolol Amitriptyline Carbamazepine Modelling Risk assessment Monitoring

Corresponding Author(s): Daniela M. Pampanin

Issue Date: 01 July 2024

Cite this article:

Daniela M. Pampanin,Daniel Schlenk,Matteo Vitale, et al. Use of DREAM to assess relative risks of presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(9): 113.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1873-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I9/113

Tab.1 Chemical analysis results, mean values reported as ng/L (n = 1−3). Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) were reported only for compounds quantified in the effluent. For compounds quantified in the influent and below limit of detection (LOD) in the effluent, the removal % was calculate using half of the LOD as effluent value

Fig.1 Cell Bioassays of influent and effluent from a Norwegian WWTP. (A) cell viability; (B) reactive oxygen species production; (C) ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, data normalized for the control, box plot data as mean ± standard deviation, n = 7, * = p < 0.05. CTRL = solvent control group. REF = relative enrichment factor (for details see Section 2.3.5).

Fig.2 Wastewater treatment plant discharge plume distribution after (A) 10, (B) 20, and (C) 30 d of simulate continuous release. Red = 1X, yellow = 10X, green = 100X, X = dilution. The wastewater treatment plant is symbolized by the crossed white square.

Fig.3 Pie charts showing relative contributions to risk including all compounds detected in the effluent (A), excluding the caffeine contribution (B), CAF = caffein; CBZ = carbamazepine; AMT = amitriptyline; CIP = ciprofloxacin; MET = metoprolol; NTP = nortriptyline; DEET = N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide; TCCP = Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate.

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