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Frontiers of Medicine

ISSN 2095-0217

ISSN 2095-0225(Online)

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Front. Med.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (6) : 746-751    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0822-5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection
Yun Tan1, Feng Liu1, Xiaoguang Xu1, Yun Ling2, Weijin Huang3, Zhaoqin Zhu2, Mingquan Guo2, Yixiao Lin2, Ziyu Fu1, Dongguo Liang1, Tengfei Zhang2, Jian Fan2, Miao Xu3, Hongzhou Lu2(), Saijuan Chen1()
1. Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
2. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
3. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
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Abstract

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered β coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination. Here we examined, using ELISA, the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6–7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection. All samples were positive for IgGs against the S- and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Notably, 14 samples available at 6–7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay, with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in 10 blood samples from cases at 6–7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests, we found that interferon γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells were increased upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation. Together, these results indicate that durable anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is common in convalescent population, and vaccines developed from 614D variant may offer protection from the currently predominant 614D variant of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords SARS-CoV-2      neutralizing antibodies      T-cell response     
Corresponding Author(s): Hongzhou Lu,Saijuan Chen   
Just Accepted Date: 16 September 2020   Online First Date: 30 September 2020    Issue Date: 24 December 2020
 Cite this article:   
Yun Tan,Feng Liu,Xiaoguang Xu, et al. Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Front. Med., 2020, 14(6): 746-751.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-020-0822-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2020/V14/I6/746
2 weeks to 1 month ?(n = 15) 1–2 month
?(n = 20)		 6–8 months
?(n = 17)		 Healthy donors
?(n = 12)		 P value
Gender 0.89b
?Female, n (%) 6 (40.0%) 9 (45.0%) 9 (52.9%) 6 (50.0%)
?Male, n (%) 9 (60.0%) 11 (55.0%) 8 (47.1%) 6 (50.0%)
Age (year) 0.87b
?<60, n (%) 10 (66.7%) 11 (55.0%) 11 (64.7%) 8 (66.7%)
?≥60, n (%) 5 (33.3%) 9 (45.0%) 6 (35.3%) 4 (33.3%)
Severity of COVID-19 0.76b
?Mild/moderate, n (%) 12 (80.0%) 14 (70.0%) 13 (76.5%)
?Severe/critical, n (%) 3 (20.0%) 6 (30.0%) 4 (23.5%)
Days post infectiona 20 (17–22) 43.5 (42.25–47) 206 (193.5–212) <0.0001c
?Concentration of S-RBD protein IgGa (mg/mL) 31.89 (27.38–35.36) 29.96 (24.74–32.36) 15.38 (8.43–22.01) 0.11 (0.02–0.17) <0.0001c
?Concentration of N protein IgGa (mg/mL) 11.81 (10.91–13.47) 10.97 (10.00–11.39) 8.96 (3.71–11.14) 0.03 (0.01–0.03) <0.0001c
Tab.1  General information about cases enrolled in the ELISA-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests
Fig.1  Persistent antibody and T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 after six-month of infections. (A) The levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and the N-protein in plasma samples at 2 weeks to 1 month, 1–2 months, and 6–7 months post-infection are plotted. The levels of non-infected donors were included as negative control. (B) The neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 (S-614D) and SARS-CoV-2 (S-614G) pseudovirus in plasma samples of cases collected at 2 weeks to 2 months or 6–7 months post infection are plotted. Plasma samples of non-infected donors were used as negative control. (C) T cell response to the SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation. The interferon γ-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were detected with or without stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The blood samples of cases collected at 6–7 months post infection were used. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
No. Gender Age Days post ?infectionc Severity of ?COVID-19 S protein ?variant Viral loadd ?(CT value) NT50 ?(SARS-CoV-2 ?pseudovirus) NT50 ?(SARS-CoV-2 ?D614G pseudo-?virus)
1 Male 65 20 Severe/critical WT 21.23 244.5 186.7
2 Female 64 22 Severe/critical WT 28 85.6 95.8
3 Male 37 43 Mild/moderate H49Y 29.31 507 481.4
4 Female 65 43 Mild/moderate WT 18.47 200.5 261.2
5 Female 68 44 Mild/moderate NA 23.63 606.1 850.2
6 Male 58 45 Mild/moderate WT NA 141.7 143.6
7 Female 53 52 Mild/moderate WT 31.73 50.2 58.8
8 Male 68 59 Severe/critical WT 26.56 912.2 1109.6
9a Female 58 186 Severe/critical WT 19.72 368.9 523.2
10 Male 37 188 Mild/moderate NA NA 73.7 125.7
11 Male 40 193 Mild/moderate NA NA 289.8 251.6
12 Female 42 194 Mild/moderate WT 23.52 436.2 519.9
13 Female 62 196 Mild/moderate NA NA 118.4 152.1
14 Male 39 197 Mild/moderate WT 27.71 183.8 331.2
15 Male 40 206 Mild/moderate WT NA 303.2 385.1
16 Male 68 207 Mild/moderate WT 29 251.5 315.9
17 Male 60 208 Mild/moderate WT 26.96 154.2 281.6
18b Female 71 208 Mild/moderate NA 36.5 55.1 95.3
19 Female 33 211 Mild/moderate WT 29.46 270.7 363.8
20 Female 47 215 Mild/moderate D614G 32.52 98.4 122
21a Male 71 219 Severe/critical WT NA 207.9 185.5
22b Female 51 220 Mild/moderate NA 30.14 64.5 86
Tab.2  Detailed information of cases in the analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus
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