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Frontiers of Medicine

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ISSN 2095-0225(Online)

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Front. Med.    2022, Vol. 16 Issue (2) : 196-207    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x
REVIEW
SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures
Yi Zhang1, Haocheng Zhang1, Wenhong Zhang1,2()
1. Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2 variants have aroused great concern and are expected to continue spreading. Although many countries have promoted roll-out vaccination, the immune barrier has not yet been fully established, indicating that populations remain susceptible to infection. In this review, we summarize the literature on variants of concern and focus on the changes in their transmissibility, pathogenicity, and resistance to the immunity constructed by current vaccines. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between variants and breakthrough infections, as well as the paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates. Terminating transmission, continuing to strengthen variant surveillance, and combining nonpharmaceutical intervention measures and vaccines are necessary to control these variants.
Keywords SARS-CoV-2      COVID-19      vaccine      immune escape      breakthrough      prevention     
Corresponding Author(s): Wenhong Zhang   
Just Accepted Date: 07 January 2022   Online First Date: 01 March 2022    Issue Date: 26 April 2022
 Cite this article:   
Yi Zhang,Haocheng Zhang,Wenhong Zhang. SARS-CoV-2 variants, immune escape, and countermeasures[J]. Front. Med., 2022, 16(2): 196-207.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-021-0906-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/196
Fig.1  Effectiveness of different vaccines against VOC and examples of the potential immune escape mechanism of variants.
Fig.2  Paradigm of new variants in countries with high vaccination rates.
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