SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

doi:10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

Front. Med.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (2) : 185-195 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y

REVIEW

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic

Yiming Shao^1,²(

), Yingqi Wu¹, Yi Feng¹, Wenxin Xu³, Feng Xiong⁴(

), Xinxin Zhang³(

)

¹. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
². Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
³. Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
⁴. Department of Policy Science, Central Committee of the Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, Beijing 100011, China

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Abstract

The record speed at which Chinese scientists identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shared its genomic sequence with the world, has greatly facilitated the development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines. It is unprecedented in pandemic control history to develop a dozen successful vaccines in the first year and to immunize over half of the global population in the second year, due to the efforts of the scientific community, biopharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The challenges are both great and multidimensional due to the rapid emergence of virus variants and waning of vaccine immunity. Vaccination strategies need to adapt to these challenges to keep population immunity above the herd immunity threshold, by increasing vaccine coverage, especially for older adults and young people, and providing timely booster doses with homologous or heterologous vaccine boosts. Further research should be undertaken to develop more effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to understand the best prime-boost vaccine combinations and immunization strategies to provide sufficient and sustainable immune protection against COVID-19.

Keywords COVID-19 pandemics SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Corresponding Author(s): Yiming Shao,Feng Xiong,Xinxin Zhang

Just Accepted Date: 16 December 2021 Online First Date: 25 February 2022 Issue Date: 26 April 2022

Cite this article:

Yiming Shao,Yingqi Wu,Yi Feng, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and immunization strategies for improved control of the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Front. Med., 2022, 16(2): 185-195.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-021-0913-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/185

Fig.1 The key features and delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. (A) Key features of COVID-19 vaccines. (B) Delivery amounts. bn, billion. (Reused from CGTN Europe [7] with permission.)

Fig.2 COVID-19 vaccination and case mortality rates in selected countries. (Reused from the ourworldindata website [23] and the ourworldindata website [24] with permission.)

Fig.3 Relationship between vaccination rates and incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19. (Reused from the ourworldindata website [23] and the ourworldindata website [24] with permission.)

Fig.4 COVID-19 vaccination rate by age group in the EU. (Reused from the ECDC website [25], the ourworldindata website [23], and the ourworldindata website [24] with permission.)

Tab.1 The COVID-19 vaccine boosters administered throughout the world

Tab.2 The effect of booster vaccination doses of COVID-19 vaccines

Fig.5 Worldwide inequity in COVID-19 vaccine distribution. (A) COVID-19 vaccine administered in the world (November 19, 2021). (B) COVID-19 vaccine doses administered per 100 people. (Reused from the ourworldindata website [23] with permission.)

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