(FeO)<sub>2</sub>FeBO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles attached on interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets serving as sulfur hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries

doi:10.1007/s11706-024-0683-y

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (2) : 240683 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-024-0683-y

(FeO)₂FeBO₃ nanoparticles attached on interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets serving as sulfur hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries

Junhai Wang¹, Huaqiu Huang¹, Chen Chen²(

), Jiandong Zheng¹(

), Yaxian Cao³, Sang Woo Joo⁴(

), Jiarui Huang³(

)

¹. School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
². College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling 244000, China
³. Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
⁴. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea

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Abstract

There are still many challenges including low conductivity of cathodes, shuttle effect of polysulfides, and significant volume change of sulfur during cycling to be solved before practical applications of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this work, (FeO)₂FeBO₃ nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNs) were synthesized, serving as sulfur carriers for Li–S batteries to solve such issues. NCNs have the cross-linked network structure, which possess good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant micropores and mesopores, enabling the cathode to be well infiltrated and permeated by the electrolyte, ensuring the rapid electron/ion transfer, and alleviating the volume expansion during the electrochemical reaction. In addition, polar (FeO)₂FeBO₃ can enhance the adsorption of polysulfides, effectively alleviating the polysulfide shuttle effect. Under a current density of 1.0 A·g⁻¹, the initial discharging and charging specific capacities of the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S electrode were obtained to be 1113.2 and 1098.3 mA·h·g⁻¹, respectively. After 1000 cycles, its capacity maintained at 436.8 mA·h·g⁻¹, displaying a decay rate of 0.08% per cycle. Therefore, combining NCNs with (FeO)₂FeBO₃ NPs is conducive to the performance improvement of Li–S batteries.

Keywords (FeO)₂FeBO₃ nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet cathode lithium–sulfur battery

Corresponding Author(s): Chen Chen,Jiandong Zheng,Sang Woo Joo,Jiarui Huang

Issue Date: 18 June 2024

Cite this article:

Junhai Wang,Huaqiu Huang,Chen Chen, et al. (FeO)₂FeBO₃ nanoparticles attached on interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets serving as sulfur hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2024, 18(2): 240683.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-024-0683-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2024/V18/I2/240683

Scheme1 Synthesis process of the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs/S composite.

Fig.1 (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of NCNs, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S.

Fig.2 SEM images of (a) NCNs, (b) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (c) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S. TEM images of (d) NCNs, (e) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (f) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S.

Fig.3 (a) High-magnification TEM image and (b) HRTEM image of (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2. (c) TEM elemental mapping images of (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2. SEM images of (d) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1, (e) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (f) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3.

Fig.4 XPS spectra of the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs/S composite: (a) Fe 2p; (b) B 1s; (c) O 1s; (d) C 1s; (e) N 1s; (f) S 2p.

Fig.5 (a) N₂ adsorption?desorption isotherm curves and (b) corresponding PSD curves of NCNs, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3. (c) N₂ adsorption?desorption isotherm curves and (d) corresponding PSD curves of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3/S.

Fig.6 TGA curves for resulted (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs/S composites: (a) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3; (b) (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3/S.

Fig.7 (a) Cycling performances of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-1/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-3/S cathodes at a current density of 0.2 A·g^?1. (b) CV curves of the first five cycles for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode at a scan rate of 0.1 mV·s^?1. (c) Discharging?charging profiles for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode at a current density of 0.2 A·g^?1 corresponding to different cycle numbers. (d) Rate performances of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathodes. (e) Discharging?charging profiles for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode at different current densities.

Fig.8 (a) Long-term cycling capacities of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S at a current density of 1.0 A·g^?1. (b) Cycling performance of (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S at a current density of 0.5 A·g^?1.

Fig.9 (a) The GITT curve for (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S at a current density of 0.2 A·g^?1. In-situ reaction resistances of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S: (b) discharging process; (c) charging process.

Fig.10 (a) CV curves for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode at a series of scan rates. (b) Plots of lgI_p versus lgν corresponding to different current peaks for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode. (c) Contribution ratios of capacitance- and diffusion-controlled processes for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode at different scan rates. (d) Plots of I_p versus v^1/2 for the (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathode.

Fig.11 (a) Nyquist plots of fresh NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathodes. (b) Nyquist plots of NCNs/S, (FeO)₂FeBO₃/S, and (FeO)₂FeBO₃@NCNs-2/S cathodes after 500 cycles. The insets show equivalent circuit models.

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