Experimental review of the <inline-formula><math xmlns:mml=

doi:10.1007/s11467-020-0978-0

Front. Phys.

2020, Vol. 15

Issue (6) : 64301 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0978-0

REVIEW ARTICLE

Experimental review of the

ϒ

(1S, 2S, 3S) physics at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC

Sen Jia¹, Xingyu Zhou², Chengping Shen¹(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, China
². School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China

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Abstract

The three lowest-lying $ϒ$ states, i.e., $ϒ$ (1S), $ϒ$ (2S), and $ϒ$ (3S), composed of bb¯ pairs and below the BB ¯ threshold, provide a good platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in e⁺e⁻ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive $ϒ$ (1S) and $ϒ$ (2S) decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the “80% rule” for the Okubo–Zweig–Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in $ϒ$ (1S, 2S, 3S) decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in $ϒ$ (1S, 2S, 3S) decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The $ϒ$ (1S, 2S, 3S) states can also be produced in pp collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understandΥproduction mechanisms in pp collisions. The observation of the sequentialΥsuppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS, LHCb, and ALICE is of great importance for verifying the quark–gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on $ϒ$ (1S, 2S, 3S) at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.

Keywords ϒ(1S, 2S, 3S)')" href="#">

ϒ

(1S, 2S, 3S) hadronic decay radiative decay exotic states new physics cross section polarization quark–gluon plasma

Corresponding Author(s): Chengping Shen

Issue Date: 17 August 2020

Cite this article:

Sen Jia,Xingyu Zhou,Chengping Shen. Experimental review of the

ϒ

(1S, 2S, 3S) physics at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC[J]. Front. Phys. , 2020, 15(6): 64301.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-020-0978-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2020/V15/I6/64301

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