Elevated methylmercury production in mercury-contaminated soil and its bioaccumulation in rice: key roles of algal decomposition

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1745-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (12) : 145 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1745-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Elevated methylmercury production in mercury-contaminated soil and its bioaccumulation in rice: key roles of algal decomposition

Di Liu^1,^2,³, Yan Wang^1,^2,³, Tianrong He¹, Deliang Yin¹(

), Shouyang He¹, Xian Zhou^1,^2,³, Yiyuan Xu², Enxin Liu^1,^2,³

¹. Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
². College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
³. Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China

Download: PDF(4870 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

● AOM input elevates water-soluble cysteine and labile DOM fractions in soil.

● AOM input fuels potential Hg methylators and non-Hg methylators in soil.

● Decayed algal aggregate is Hg methylating “hotspot” and MeHg source in soil.

● AOM-driven SDOM variations elevate soil MeHg production and bioaccumulation in rice.

Algal-derived organic matter (AOM) regulates methylmercury (MeHg) fate in aquatic ecosystems, whereas its role in MeHg production and bioaccumulation in Hg-contaminated paddies is unclear. Pot and microcosm experiments were thus performed to understand the response characteristics of MeHg concentrations in soil and rice in different rice-growing periods to algal decomposition. Compared to the control, algal decomposition significantly increased soil water-soluble cysteine concentrations during the rice-tillering and grain-filling periods (P < 0.05). It also significantly lowered the molecular weight of soil-dissolved organic matter (SDOM) during the rice-tillering period (P < 0.05) and SDOM humification/aromaticity during the grain-filling period. Compared to the control, AOM input increased the abundance of potential Hg and non-Hg methylators in soil. Furthermore, it also greatly increased soil MeHg concentrations by 25.6%–80.2% and 12.6%–66.1% during the rice-tillering and grain-filling periods, with an average of 42.25% and 38.42%, respectively, which were significantly related to the elevated cysteine in soil and the decrease in SDOM molecular weight (P < 0.01). In the early stage (within 10 days of microcosm experiments), the MeHg concentrations in decayed algal particles showed a great decrease (P < 0.01), suggesting a potential MeHg source in soil. Ultimately, algal decomposition greatly increased the MeHg concentrations and bioaccumulation factors in rice grains, by 72.30% and 16.77%, respectively. Overall, algal decomposition in Hg-contaminated paddies is a non-negligible factor promoting MeHg accumulation in soil-rice systems.

Keywords Mercury Methylmercury Algae Organic matter Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Corresponding Author(s): Deliang Yin

Issue Date: 12 July 2023

Cite this article:

Di Liu,Yan Wang,Tianrong He, et al. Elevated methylmercury production in mercury-contaminated soil and its bioaccumulation in rice: key roles of algal decomposition[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(12): 145.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1745-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I12/145

Fig.1 DOC (a) and water-soluble cysteine (b) concentrations in Hg-contaminated soils regulated by algal decomposition. Data are represented by average ± standard deviation (AVE ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different rice growing periods at the same treatment at 0.05 level. “**” and “*” represent the significant differences between algal treatments and the control at 0.01 and 0.05 levels at the same rice growing period, respectively. (A_3.5, A₇, and A₁₅ = algal treatments with 3.5, 7, and 15 g biomass, respectively).

Fig.2 Optical properties of soil DOM including a(355) (a), S_R (b), SUVA₂₅₄ (c) and HIX (d) regulated by algal decomposition. Data are represented by AVE ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different rice growing periods at the same treatment at 0.05 level. “*” represents the significant differences between algal treatments and the control at 0.05 level at the same rice growing period. (A_3.5, A₇, and A₁₅ = algal treatments with 3.5, 7, and 15 g biomass, respectively).

Fig.3 Fluorescent components in soil DOM regulated by algal decomposition (a–b), and their 3D-EEMs (c). C1, C2 and C3 represent humic-like components, and C4 represents protein-like components. Data are represented by AVE ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different rice growing periods in the control or algal treatment at 0.05 level, and “*” represents the significant differences between algal treatments at 0.05 level. (A_3.5, A₇, and A₁₅ = algal treatments with 3.5, 7, and 15 g biomass, respectively).

Fig.4 Abundance of potential MeHg regulators including Hg methylators and non-Hg methylators regulated by algal decomposition at Phylum (a) and Genus (b) levels. (A₁₅ = algal treatments with 15 g biomass).

Fig.5 Absolute THg and MeHg contents in the decayed algal particles in the pot experiment (a). Decomposition percentage and residual mass of algal powders in the microcosm experiment (b). Absolute THg (c) and MeHg contents (d) in the algal particles in the microcosm experiment. Data are represented by AVE ± SD in the graphs a, c and d. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different incubation time at 0.05 level. (“AW” = “algae + water”; “AWS” = “algae + water + soil”; A_3.5, A₇, and A₁₅ = algal treatments with 3.5, 7, and 15 g biomass, respectively).

Fig.6 MeHg concentrations in soil (a), THg concentrations in husks and grains (b), MeHg concentrations in husks and grains (c) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of MeHg in grains (d) regulated by algal decomposition. Data are represented by AVE ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different algal treatments and the control at 0.05 level. (A_3.5, A₇, and A₁₅ = algal treatments with 3.5, 7, and 15 g biomass, respectively).

Fig.7 Pearson’s correlation matrix of soil MeHg concentration with soil DOM properties (DOC concentration, HIX, a(355), SUVA₂₅₄, S_R, C1, C2, C3 and C4) and soil cysteine concentrations (a); Linear fitting between soil MeHg concentration and inorganic Hg (IHg = THg minus MeHg), or MeHg concentration in rice tissues (b).

1	L Bai , C Cao , C Wang , H Xu , H Zhang , V I Slaveykova , H Jiang . (2017). Toward quantitative understanding of the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in freshwater lake during cyanobacteria blooming. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(11): 6018–6026 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00826
2	S Bouchet , M Goñi-Urriza , M Monperrus , R Guyoneaud , P Fernandez , C Heredia , E Tessier , C Gassie , D Point , S Guédron , D Achá , D Amouroux . (2018). Linking microbial activities and low-molecular-weight thiols to Hg methylation in biofilms and periphyton from high-altitude tropical lakes in the bolivian altiplano. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(17): 9758–9767 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01885
3	A G Bravo , S Bouchet , J Tolu , E Björn , A Mateosrivera , S Bertilsson . (2017). Molecular composition of organic matter controls methylmercury formation in boreal lakes. Nature Communications, 8(1): 14255 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14255
4	F Fang , Y Yang , J Guo , H Zhou , C Fu , Z Li . (2011). Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characterization of soil dissolved organic matters in the fluctuating water-level zone of Kai County, Three Gorges Reservoir. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 5(3): 426–434 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-010-0264-4
5	Díez E Gascón , J L Loizeau , C Cosio , S Bouchet , T Adatte , D Amouroux , A G Bravo . (2016). Role of settling particles on mercury methylation in the oxic water column of freshwater systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(21): 11672–11679 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03260
6	C Gionfriddo, E Capo, B Peterson, H Lin, D Jones, A Bravo, S Bertilsson, J Moreau, K Mcmahon, D Elias, C Gilmour (2021). Hg-MATE-Db.v1.01142021: Hg-cycling microorganisms in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.6687122
7	P Guo , H Du , D Wang , M Ma . (2021). Effects of mercury stress on methylmercury production in rice rhizosphere, methylmercury uptake in rice and physiological changes of leaves. Science of the Total Environment, 765: 142682 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142682
8	Y Hanamachi , T Hama , T Yanai . (2008). Decomposition process of organic matter derived from freshwater phytoplankton. Limnology, 9(1): 57–69 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-007-0232-2
9	Y Hao , Y Zhu , R Yan , B Gu , X Zhou , R Wei , C Wang , J Feng , Q Huang , Y Liu . (2022). Important roles of thiols in methylmercury uptake and translocation by rice plants. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(10): 6765–6773 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00169
10	M He, L Tian, H F V Braaten, Q Wu, J Luo, L Cai, J Meng, Y Lin (2019). Mercury-organic matter interactions in soils and sediments: angel or devil? Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 102(5): 621–627 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2523-1
11	J R Helms , A Stubbins , J D Ritchie , E C Minor , D J Kieber , K Mopper . (2008). Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 54(3): 955–969
12	Ortega S Herrero , N Catalán , E Björn , H Gröntoft , T G Hilmarsson , S Bertilsson , P Wu , K Bishop , O Levanoni , A G Bravo . (2018). High methylmercury formation in ponds fueled by fresh humic and algal derived organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography, 63(S1): S44–S53 https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10722
13	M Huang , Z Li , J Wen , X Ding , M Zhou , C Cai , F Shen . (2021). Molecular insights into the effects of pyrolysis temperature on composition and copper binding properties of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 410: 124537 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124537
14	C J Hulatt , D N Thomas , D G Bowers , L Norman , C Zhang . (2009). Exudation and decomposition of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from some temperate macroalgae. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 84(1): 147–153 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.06.014
15	W L Lázaro , S Díez , A G Bravo , Silva C J Da , Á R A Ignácio , J R D Guimaraes . (2019). Cyanobacteria as regulators of methylmercury production in periphyton. Science of the Total Environment, 668: 723–729 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.233
16	W L Lázaro, J R D Guimarães, A R A Ignácio, C J Da Silva, S Díez (2013). Cyanobacteria enhance methylmercury production: a hypothesis tested in the periphyton of two lakes in the Pantanal floodplain, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 456–457: 231–238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.022
17	M Leclerc , D Planas , M Amyot . (2015). Relationship between extracellular low-molecular-weight thiols and mercury species in natural lake periphytic biofilms. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(13): 7709–7716 https://doi.org/10.1021/es505952x
18	P Lei , L M Nunes , Y Liu , H Zhong , K Pan . (2019). Mechanisms of algal biomass input enhanced microbial Hg methylation in lake sediments. Environment International, 126: 279–288 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.043
19	P Lei , J Zhang , J Zhu , Q Tan , R W M Kwong , K Pan , T Jiang , M Naderi , H Zhong . (2021). Algal organic matter drives methanogen-mediated methylmercury production in water from eutrophic shallow lakes. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(15): 10811–10820 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c08395
20	M F A Leite , Y Pan , J Bloem , H T Berge , E E Kuramae . (2017). Organic nitrogen rearranges both structure and activity of the soil-borne microbial seedbank. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 42634 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42634
21	J Li , K Deng , S Cai , H Lu , R Xu . (2020). Periphyton has the potential to increase phosphorus use efficiency in paddy fields. Science of the Total Environment, 720: 137711 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137711
22	Z Li , J Chi , Z Wu , Y Zhang , Y Liu , L Huang , Y Lu , M Uddin , W Zhang , X Wang , Y Lin , Y Tong . (2022). Characteristics of plankton Hg bioaccumulations based on a global data set and the implications for aquatic systems with aggravating nutrient imbalance. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16(3): 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1471-x
23	L Liang , M Horvat , E Cernichiari , B Gelein , S Balogh . (1996). Simple solvent extraction technique for elimination of matrix interferences in the determination of methylmercury in environmental and biological samples by ethylation-gas chromatography-cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta, 43(11): 1883–1888 https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(96)01964-9
24	V Liem-Nguyen , U Skyllberg , K Nam , E Björn . (2017). Thermodynamic stability of mercury(II) complexes formed with environmentally relevant low-molecular-mass thiols studied by competing ligand exchange and density functional theory. Environmental Chemistry, 14(4): 243–253 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN17062
25	J Liu , L Wang , Y Zhu , C Lin , C Jang , S Wang , J Xing , B Yu , H Xu , Y Pan . (2019). Source attribution for mercury deposition with an updated atmospheric mercury emission inventory in the Pearl River Delta Region, China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 13(1): 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1087-6
26	M D Liu , Q R Zhang , M H Cheng , Y P He , L Chen , H R Zhang , H L Cao , H Z Shen , W Zhang , S Tao , X J Wang . (2019a). Rice life cycle-based global mercury biotransport and human methylmercury exposure. Nature Communications, 10(1): 5164 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13221-2
27	Y Liu , Z Yang , X Zhou , X Qu , Z Li , H Zhong . (2019b). Overlooked role of putative non-Hg methylators in predicting methylmercury production in paddy soils. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(21): 12330–12338 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b03013
28	M Ma , H Du , D Wang . (2019). Mercury methylation by anaerobic microorganisms: a review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 49(20): 1893–1936 https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1594517
29	V Mangal , B R Stenzler , A J Poulain , C Guéguen . (2019). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial mercury uptake is driven by algal organic matter composition and molecular weight. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(1): 157–165 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04909
30	B Meng , X Feng , G Qiu , P Liang , P Li , C Chen , L Shang . (2011). The process of methylmercury accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environmental Science & Technology, 45(7): 2711–2717 https://doi.org/10.1021/es103384v
31	A Nebbioso , A Piccolo . (2013). Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM): a critical review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405(1): 109–124 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6363-2
32	T Ohno . (2002). Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the humification index of dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(4): 742–746 https://doi.org/10.1021/es0155276
33	P C Pickhardt , C L Folt , C Y Chen , B Klaue , J D Blum . (2005). Impacts of zooplankton composition and algal enrichment on the accumulation of mercury in an experimental freshwater food web. Science of the Total Environment, 339(1–3): 89–101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.025
34	M Ravichandran . (2004). Interactions between mercury and dissolved organic matter: a review. Chemosphere, 55(3): 319–331 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.011
35	J K Schaefer , F M M Morel . (2009). High methylation rates of mercury bound to cysteine by Geobacter sulfurreducens. Nature Geoscience, 2(2): 123–126 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo412
36	R J Strickman , C P J Mitchell . (2017). Accumulation and translocation of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in Oryza sativa: an enriched isotope tracer study. Science of the Total Environment, 574: 1415–1423 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.068
37	Y Su, R W M Kwong, W Tang, Y Yang, H Zhong (2021). Straw return enhances the risks of metals in soil? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 207: 111201 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111201
38	W Tang , H Hintelmann , B Gu , X Feng , Y Liu , Y Gao , J Zhao , H Zhu , P Lei , H Zhong . (2019). Increased methylmercury accumulation in rice after straw amendment. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(11): 6144–6153 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b07145
39	S M Ullrich , T W Tanton , S A Abdrashitova . (2001). Mercury in the aquatic environment: a review of factors affecting methylation. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 31(3): 241–293 https://doi.org/10.1080/20016491089226
40	S Wang , P Sun , G Zhang , N Gray , J Dolfing , S Esquivel-Elizondo , J Peñuelas , Y Wu . (2022). Contribution of periphytic biofilm of paddy soils to carbon dioxide fixation and methane emissions. The Innovation, 3(1): 100192 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100192
41	Z Wei , M Tang , Z Huang , H Jiao . (2022). Mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a membrane biofilm reactor. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 16(2): 20 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-021-1454-y
42	J L Weishaar , G R Aiken , B A Bergamaschi , M S Fram , R Fujii , K Mopper . (2003). Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(20): 4702–4708 https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x
43	Y Wu (2021). Periphyton in Paddy Fields. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese).
44	Y Wu , J Liu , H Lu , C Wu , P Kerr . (2016). Periphyton: an important regulator in optimizing soil phosphorus bioavailability in paddy fields. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 23(21): 21377–21384 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7363-0
45	Y Xiang , G Liu , Y Yin , Y Cai . (2021). Periphyton as an important source of methylmercury in Everglades water and food web. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 410: 124551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124551
46	Y Xiong . (2023). Characterization and variation of dissolved organic matter in composting: a critical review. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 17(5): 63 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1663-7
47	J Xu , M Buck , K Eklof , O O Ahmed , J K Schaefer , K Bishop , U Skyllberg , E Bjorn , S Bertilsson , A G Bravo . (2019). Mercury methylating microbial communities of boreal forest soils. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 518 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37383-z
48	J Yang , M Han , Z Zhao , H Jiang . (2022). Positive priming effects induced by allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter input in the lake sediments with different salinity. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(5): e2021GL096133 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096133
49	D Yin , T He , R Yin , L Zeng . (2018a). Effects of soil properties on production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury in rice paddies at a mercury mining area, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 68: 194–205 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.028
50	D Yin , Y Wang , T Jiang , C Qin , Y Xiang , Q Chen , J Xue , D Wang . (2018b). Methylmercury production in soil in the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: the key role of low-molecular-weight organic acids. Environmental Pollution, 235: 186–196 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.072
51	H Zhang , X Feng , T Larssen , L Shang , P Li . (2010). Bioaccumulation of methylmercury versus inorganic mercury in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(12): 4499–4504 https://doi.org/10.1021/es903565t
52	T Zhang , H Ma , Z Hong , G Fu , Y Zheng , Z Li , F Cui . (2022). Photo-reactivity and photo-transformation of algal dissolved organic matter unraveled by optical spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(18): 13439–13448 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03524
53	J Zhao , Z Ye , H Zhong . (2018). Rice root exudates affect microbial methylmercury production in paddy soils. Environmental Pollution, 242: 1921–1929 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.072
54	L Zhao , B Meng , X Feng . (2020). Mercury methylation in rice paddy and accumulation in rice plant: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 195: 110462 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110462
55	Q Zhao , J Wang , S Ouyang , L Chen , M Liu , Y Li , F Jiang . (2021). The exacerbation of mercury methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA in a freshwater algae-bacteria symbiotic system throughout the lifetime of algae. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 415: 125691 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125691
56	A Zhu, J Gao, J Huang, H Wang, Y Chen, L Liu (2020). Advances in morphology and physiology of root and their relationships with grain quality in rice. Crops, 2: 1–8 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[1]

FSE-23042-OF-LD_suppl_1

Download

[1]	Zhicheng Liao, Bei Li, Juhong Zhan, Huan He, Xiaoxia Yang, Dongxu Zhou, Guoxi Yu, Chaochao Lai, Bin Huan, Xuejun Pan. Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 69-.
[2]	Hong Yu, Beidou Xi, Lingling Shi, Wenbing Tan. Chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter affected by contrasting microplastics from different types of polymers[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(12): 153-.
[3]	Ying Yu, Xinna Liu, Yong Liu, Jia Liu, Yang Li. Photoaging mechanism of microplastics: a perspective on the effect of dissolved organic matter in natural water[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(11): 143-.
[4]	Yuxiong Huang, Manyu Gao, Wenjing Wang, Ziyi Liu, Wei Qian, Ciara Chun Chen, Xiaoshan Zhu, Zhonghua Cai. Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(9): 122-.
[5]	Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang, Yue-Wern Huang. *Understanding the role of nano-TiO₂ on the toxicity of Pb on C. dubia* through modeling–Is it additive or synergistic?**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(5): 59-.
[6]	Zaishan Wei, Meiru Tang, Zhenshan Huang, Huaiyong Jiao. Mercury removal from flue gas using nitrate as an electron acceptor in a membrane biofilm reactor[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(2): 20-.
[7]	Jie Wu, Jian Lu, Jun Wu. Adsorption and desorption of steroid hormones on saline soil[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(11): 140-.
[8]	Zuyin Chen, Lihua Li, Lichong Hao, Yu Hong, Wencai Wang. *Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum* Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(1): 2-.
[9]	Violeta Makareviciene, Egle Sendzikiene, Ieva Gaide. Application of heterogeneous catalysis to biodiesel synthesis using microalgae oil[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 97-.
[10]	Yuanyuan Luo, Yangyang Zhang, Mengfan Lang, Xuetao Guo, Tianjiao Xia, Tiecheng Wang, Hanzhong Jia, Lingyan Zhu. Identification of sources, characteristics and photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter with EEM-PARAFAC in the Wei River of China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 96-.
[11]	Yanxia Zhao, Huiqing Lian, Chang Tian, Haibo Li, Weiying Xu, Sherub Phuntsho, Kaimin Shih. Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 58-.
[12]	Haoran Feng, Min Liu, Wei Zeng, Ying Chen. Optimization of the O₃/H₂O₂ process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor of gas field wastewater[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 78-.
[13]	Xinshu Liu, Xiaoman Su, Sijie Tian, Yue Li, Rongfang Yuan. Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 75-.
[14]	Yanqing Duan, Aijuan Zhou, Xiuping Yue, Zhichun Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Yanhong Luo, Xiao Zhang. Acceleration of the particulate organic matter hydrolysis by start-up stage recovery and its original microbial mechanism[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 12-.
[15]	Ragini Pirarath, Palani Shivashanmugam, Asad Syed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Sambandam Anandan, Muthupandian Ashokkumar. Mercury removal from aqueous solution using petal-like MoS₂ nanosheets[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(1): 15-.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed