Removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes: a bibliometric review

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1906-2

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (12) : 146 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1906-2

Removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes: a bibliometric review

Yue Wang^1,^2,³, Mengke Geng^1,², Hui Jia^1,^2,³, Junchi Cui⁴, Meng Zhang⁵, Yingxin Zhao⁶, Jie Wang^1,^2,^3,⁷(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
². School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
³. Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou 061000, China
⁴. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁵. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
⁶. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
⁷. School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China

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Abstract

● A total of 3714 studies on ARB and ARGs removal techniques over 26 years were reviewed.

● Adsorption has been studied mostly for ARB and ARGs degradation, and adsorbents are important.

● Nanomaterials and biomodified materials exhibit great potential.

● Combined techniques to remove ARB and ARGs are proposed for the future.

The spread of antibiotic resistance is a global threat, causing elevated death rates and economic costs. A growing number of studies have focused on the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental settings. However, summaries and reviews of removal techniques are limited. This study examined publications on ARB and ARGs removal from 1998 to 2023 through a bibliometric approach based on the Web of Science database. Research progress during the past 26 years was analyzed by collecting annual publications, countries, journals and keywords. The number of articles related to the removal of ARB and ARGs has increased annually. The main types of ARB and ARGs, their environmental milieus and the most commonly studied removal techniques were summarized by keyword clustering. The results revealed that tetracycline- and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria are the ARB of greatest concern; that sul1, sul2, and tetA are the most frequently studied ARGs; and that municipal sewage and drinking water are the most studied ARB and ARGs transmission sites. For treatment techniques, adsorption technology is the most widely studied, and the selection of adsorption materials is particularly important, with nanomaterials and biomodified materials having great prospects for development. The combination of membrane filtration with advanced oxidation treatment or biodegradation technology is the most promising technology in this field. Our findings can inform future efforts to further reduce the distribution risks of antibiotic resistance and improve removal techniques.

Keywords ARB ARGs Bibliometric Keyword analysis Removal techniques

Corresponding Author(s): Jie Wang

Issue Date: 08 October 2024

Cite this article:

Yue Wang,Mengke Geng,Hui Jia, et al. Removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes: a bibliometric review[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(12): 146.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1906-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I12/146

Fig.1 (a) Trend chart of the number of publications and total citations, (b) the number of annual publications of the top eight journals on the removal of ARB, and (c) the number of annual publications of the top eight journals on the removal of ARGs. Note: TP means total number of publications.

Fig.2 (a) The number of annual publications of the top eight countries on the removal of ARB, (b) the number of annual publications of the top eight countries on the removal of ARGs, (c) collaborative relationships between the top 20 most productive countries on the removal of ARB, and (d) collaborative relationships between the top 20 most productive countries on the removal of ARGs. Note: The size of the circles in the network diagram indicates the number of publications per country, the lines connecting the circles indicate cooperation between countries, and the thickness of the lines indicates the strength of the partnership.

Fig.3 Keyword network co-occurrence map. Note: The occurrence frequency of keywords is represented by circular nodes, and different colors represent clustering. The larger the circle is, the higher the occurrence frequency is. The lines between circular nodes represent the co-occurrence of two keywords in the literature, and the thickness of the lines reflects the number of co-occurrence times.

Fig.4 (a) Keyword clustering of ARB: bubble chart of the frequency of occurrence of the top 20 annual publications. (b) Keyword clustering of ARGs: bubble chart of the frequency of occurrence of the top 20 annual publications.

Targeted ARB andARGs	Removing process	ARB log removal efficiency	ARGs log removal efficiency	Reference
ARGs: ampC, ermB	Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) adsorption	NA	3.2 log and 4.2 log	Zhan etal. (2020)
ARGs: tetA, sul2, ermB, and ampC	Graphene oxide nanosheets adsorption	NA	Cyclic (c)-ARGs:3.11 log，double-stranded (ds)-ARGs:2.88 log	Yu etal. (2017)
ARGs: sul1, sul2, tetA, tetM, and tetW	Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis	NA	Absolute abundance: 4.98–9.52 logRelative abundances: sul1, sul2 essentially unchanged, tetA, tetM, and tetW reduced by 0.88, 3.47, and 2.51 log, respectively	Lan etal. (2019)
ARB: sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria (SRB), chloramphenicol resistant bacteria, and tetracycline resistant bacteria.ARGs: sul1, sul2, cmlA, and tetC	Multifunctional electroactive polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane	Close to complete interception of ARB	Both iARGs and eARGs were degraded to a certain extent	Li etal. (2022b)
ARGs: mecA, tetA	Chlorination	NA	mecA: Down to the test linetetA: it was still detectable under 4 mg Cl₂/L exposure (–3.59 logs)	Zhang etal. (2019a)
ARB: E. coli, E. faeciumARGs: tetA, ampC, vanA, and ermB	Ozonation	Reduced by 5.0 log	Reduced by 4.3–4.6 log	Stange etal. (2019)
ARB: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. ARGs: intI1, bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), qnr, sul1	Solar Fenton process	30–100 min inactivation	The relative abundance of sul1 was effectively reduced by < 1	Fiorentino etal. (2019)
ARB: Enterococcus spp., P. aeruginosaARGs: sul1, qnrS, bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), tetM	The combination of solar photo-Fenton and granular activated carbon	Complete inactivation	bla(TEM): continued presence bla(OXA), bla(CTX-M), qnrS, sul1, and tetM genes: Reduced to quantitative limits	Michael etal. (2019)
ARB: E. coliARGs: sul1, ampC, ermB, and mecA,ecfX for Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Graphene-based TiO₂ composite photocatalysts, simulating solar radiation	Complete inactivation	ampC: complete removalecfX: significantly lowersul1 and ermB: continued presence	Karaolia etal. (2018)
ARB: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosaARGs: mecA, ampC	TiO₂ photocatalysis	Staphylococcus aureus: 4.5–5.0 log,Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 5.5–5.8 log	mecA reduced by 5.8 log,ampC reduced by 4.7 log	Guo etal. (2017)
ARB: tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli ARGs: tetA, tetM, and tetQ	Ag/AgBr/g-C₃N₄ visible light catalytic treatment	6.1 log	Removal efficiency: tetA, tetM, tetQ and intI1: 49%, 86%, 69%, and 86%	Yu etal. (2020)
ARB: PseudomonasARGs: sul1	UV, UV/Cl₂	Complete inactivation	sul1: reduced > 3.50 log	Zhang etal. (2019c)
ARB: macrolides-resistant bacteria, SRB, tetracyclines-resistant bacteria and quinolones-resistant bacteria	UV-activated persulfate（UV/PS）	Removal efficiency: 6.94%– 9.10%	ARGs:that is 3.84 orders of magnitude	Zhou etal. (2020)
ARB: ampicillin and erythromycin-resistant Aeromonas, kanamycin and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia, ciprofloxacin-resistant Klebsiella,ciprofloxacin-resistant BacteroidesARGs: bla(TEM), ermB, tetO, and tetW	Aerobic-MBR	Removal efficiency: 82.10%–93.90%	The average removal rate of cell-free ARGs bla(TEM) reached 100%, cell-associated ARGs decreased by less than 95.97%	Wang etal. (2020a)
ARGs: bla(TEM), ermB, tetW, tetO, sul1, sul2, addD, and qnrS	Anaerobic/Anoxic/Aerobic-MBR	NA	1.1–7.3 log	Li etal. (2019a)
ARGs: sul1, sul2, dfrA1, and dfrA12, dfrA13, tetA, tetC, ermB, catII, floR, aac(3)-IV, vanA, and bla PSE-1 blaSHV	Natural and constructed wetlands	NA	Artificial river wetland removal rate: 80.20%Natural river wetland removal rate: 87.50%	Li etal. (2019b)

Tab.1 Research on ARB and ARGs removal

Fig.5 Proportional distribution of ARB and ARGs survival sites.

Detected ARB	Detected ARGs	middle detection amount (CFU)	ARGs detection amount	Sewage type	References
Enterobacteriaceae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterococci,staphylococcus-aureus	NA	Enterobacteriaceae: 10⁴–10⁵ CFU/mLPseudomonas aeruginosa: 10²–10³ CFU/mLenterococci: 10⁴–10⁵ CFU/mLstaphylococcus-aureus: 10²–10³ CFU/mL	NA	Hospital wastewater	Li etal. (2022c)
ARB: extended spectrum betalactamases and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae	NA	Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae up to 10⁷ CFU/mL, Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and OXA 48-type Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae up to 10⁵ CFU/mL	NA	Hospital wastewater (from one Slovenian and two Austrian hospitals)	Rozman etal. (2020)
Staphylococcus sp., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Shigella sp.,Total coliforms.Fecal coliform	NA	Percentage: Staphylococcus sp. (26.60%), E. coli (24.40%), Klebsiella sp. (20%), Shigella sp. (11.10%)Mean concentrations of ARB were 1.3 × 10⁷ MPN/100 total coliforms and 1.4 × 10⁵ MPN/100 mL fecal coliforms	NA	Hospital wastewater	Dires et al. (2018)
CIP–ARB AMP–ARBERY–ARBTET–ARB	bla(TEM)	CIP–ARB: (18.6–22.5) × 10⁴ CFU/mLAMP–ARB: (8.5–18.5) × 10⁴ CFU/mLERY–ARB: (5.4–16.2) × 10⁴ CFU/mLTET–ARB: (1.8–5.0) × 10⁴ CFU/mL	bla(TEM): (3.3 ± 0.4) × 10¹³copies / mL	Municipal wastewater treatment plants (influent sampling)	Wang etal. (2020a)
E. coli	NA	Combined sewer overflow (CSO): 7.9 × 10⁹ CFU/m^3, wastewater treatment plant effluent: 6.2 × 10⁴ CFU/m³	NA	Urban wastewater	Honda etal. (2020)
ARB: ampicillin-resistant bacteria tetracycline-resistant bacteria, sulfonamide- resistant bacteria	bla(TEM), tetA, sul2	Ampicillin-resistant bacteria: 10^5.7–10^6.4 CFU/mLTetracycline-resistant bacteria: 10^4.5–10 ^6.1 CFU/mLFonamide- resistant bacteria: 10^5.4–10⁷ CFU/mL	Absolute abundance: bla(TEM): 10⁸–10⁹ copies/mL, tetA: 10^8.7–10^9.4 copies/mL, sul2: 10^8.8–10^9.8 copies/mL, intI1: 10^8.4–10^9.5 copies/mL)Relative abundance: bla(TEM): 3.3 × 10^–4–9.1 × 10^-4 copies/16 rRNA gene copy,tetA: 1.1 × 10^–3–3.7×10^–3 copies/16 rRNA gene copy,sul2: 2.0 × 10^–1–8.7 × 10^–1 copies/16 rRNA gene copy	Municipal wastewater in northwestern Italy (wastewater treatment plant influent sampling)	Bonetta etal. (2022)
ARB: ampicillin-resistant bacteria, tetracycline-resistant bacteria, sulfonamide- resistant bacteria	bla(TEM), tetA, sul2	Ampicillin-resistant bacteria: 10^2.1–10^4.5 CFU/mLTetracycline-resistant bacteria: 10^1.3–10^3.9 CFU/mLSulfonamide-resistant bacteria: 10^2.1–10^4.9 CFU/mL	Absolute abundance: bla(TEM): 10^7.3–10^8.2 copies/mL, tetA: 10^7.6–10^9.2 copies/mL, sul2: 10^8.8–10^10.3 copies/mL)Relative abundance: bla(TEM): 1.9 × 10^–4 copies/16 rRNA gene copy,tetA: 2.7 × 10^-5–1.5 × 10^–3 copies/16 rRNA gene copy,sul2: 1.3 × 10^–1–9.1 × 10^–1 copies/16 rRNA gene copy	Municipal wastewater (wastewater treatment plant effluent sampling) in northwestern Italy	Bonetta etal. (2022)
Sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria, tetracycline-resistant bacteria	sul1, sul2	Sediment: 3.75 × 10⁶ –1.12×10⁷ CFU/gAquaculture water: 3.9×10⁴ –1.56 × 10⁵ CFU/mL	3.0 ×10^–5–3.3 × 10^–4 for sul1/16SrDNA,2.0 × 10^–4–1.8 × 10^–3 for sul2/16S rDNA	Aquaculture industry	Gao etal. (2012)
Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp.	NA	Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Enterobacter spp.: 10⁴–10⁶ CFU/mL	NA	Aquatic water	Villar-Navarro et al. (2021)

Tab.2 Presence of ARB and ARGs in various water environments

Fig.6 Keywords clustering of ARB and ARGs removal technology.

Fig.7 Annual publication trends related to eight treatment processes. (a) Treatment processes for removing ARB. (b) Treatment processes for removing ARGs.

Fig.8 Adsorption-related keyword clustering.

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