Demonstration of fully-connected quantum communication network exploiting entangled sideband modes

doi:10.1007/s11467-023-1269-3

Front. Phys.

2023, Vol. 18

Issue (4) : 42303 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1269-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Demonstration of fully-connected quantum communication network exploiting entangled sideband modes

Fan Li¹, Xiaoli Zhang¹, Jianbo Li¹, Jiawei Wang¹, Shaoping Shi¹(

), Long Tian^1,², Yajun Wang^1,², Lirong Chen¹, Yaohui Zheng^1,²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
². Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

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Abstract

Quantum communication network scales point-to-point quantum communication protocols to more than two detached parties, which would permit a wide variety of quantum communication applications. Here, we demonstrate a fully-connected quantum communication network, exploiting three pairs of Einstein−Podolsky−Rosen (EPR) entangled sideband modes, with high degree entanglement of 8.0 dB, 7.6 dB, and 7.2 dB. Each sideband modes from a squeezed field are spatially separated by demultiplexing operation, then recombining into new group according to network requirement. Each group of sideband modes are distributed to one of the parties via a single physical path, making sure each pair of parties build their own private communication links with high channel capacity better than any classical scheme.

Keywords quantum network quantum communication entangled sideband modes quantum dense coding

Corresponding Author(s): Shaoping Shi,Yaohui Zheng

Issue Date: 13 March 2023

Cite this article:

Fan Li,Xiaoli Zhang,Jianbo Li, et al. Demonstration of fully-connected quantum communication network exploiting entangled sideband modes[J]. Front. Phys. , 2023, 18(4): 42303.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-023-1269-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2023/V18/I4/42303

Fig.1 Schematic of the experimental setup. MC, mode cleaner; SHG, second harmonic generator; OPA, optical parametric amplifier; FC, filter cavity; WGM, waveguide electro?optic modulator; EOM, electro?optic phase modulator; PS, phase shifter; DBS, dichroic beam splitter; PD, photodetector; AM, amplitude modulator; PM, phase modulator.

Fig.2 Balanced homodyne measurements of the quadrature noise variances. The measurement is recorded at the analysis frequency of 2 MHz; RBW, resolution bandwidth = 300 kHz; VBW, video bandwidth = 200 Hz.

Fig.3 Normalized quantum noise level of amplitude sum and phase difference at three communication links, corresponding to three pairs of entangled sideband modes shared by each two parties. When one half of the EPR beam is blocked, the noise spectrum is higher than the SNL.

Fig.4 Normalized SNR of each communication link based on QDC protocol. Aq, amplitude quadrature; Pq, phase quadrature.

Fig.5 Channel capacity by various channels, measured by mutual information as functions of the average photon number.

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