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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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ISSN 2095-2767(Online)

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Front. Optoelectron.    2021, Vol. 14 Issue (2) : 221-228    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-019-0921-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Polarization-sensitive and active controllable electromagnetically induced transparency in U-shaped terahertz metamaterials
Kun REN1(), Ying ZHANG1, Xiaobin REN2, Yumeng HE1, Qun HAN1
1. College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
2. School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
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Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon is observed in simple metamaterial which consists of concentric double U-shaped resonators (USRs). The numerical and theoretical analysis reveals that EIT arises from the bright-bright mode coupling. The transmission spectra at different polarization angle of incident light shows that EIT transparency window is polarization sensitive. More interestingly, Fano resonance appears in the transmission spectrum at certain polarization angles. The sharp and asymmetric Fano lineshape is high valuable for sensing. The performance of sensor is investigated and the sensitivity is high up to 327 GHz/RIU. Furthermore, active control of EIT window is realized by incorporating photosensitive silicon. The proposed USR structure is simple and compact, which may find significant applications in tunable integrated devices such as biosensor, filters, and THz modulators.
Keywords electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)      metamaterial      polarization-sensitive      active optical devices      sensor     
Corresponding Author(s): Kun REN   
Just Accepted Date: 26 June 2019   Online First Date: 23 September 2019    Issue Date: 14 July 2021
 Cite this article:   
Kun REN,Ying ZHANG,Xiaobin REN, et al. Polarization-sensitive and active controllable electromagnetically induced transparency in U-shaped terahertz metamaterials[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2021, 14(2): 221-228.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-019-0921-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2021/V14/I2/221
Fig.1  Schematic diagram of a unit cell consisting of concentric double USRs. Px = Py = 160 μm, a = 140 μm, b = 105 μm, w1 = w2 = 10 μm, s = 7.5 μm, h1 = 50 μm
Fig.2  Transmission spectra for (a) only the outer USR, (b) only the inner USR, and (c) concentric double USRs. The electric field distribution of concentric double USR for (d) dip1 at 0.32 THz, (e) peak at 0.395 THz and (f) dip2 at 0.45 THz
Fig.3  Simulated transmission spectrum with different lengths of USR. (a) Length a of outer USR; (b) length b of inner USR. The other geometric parameters remain unchanged
Fig.4  Fitted transmission spectrum with different (a) ω1 and (b) ω2
Fig.5  (a) Spectral transmission at different refractive indices; (b) resonance frequency of dip1/peak/dip2 versus the refractive index
our work Ref. [27] Ref. [36] Ref. [37] Ref. [38]
working frequency band/THz 0.1−0.7 1−3 0.4−0.7 20−36 15−45
sensitivity/(THz·RIU−1) 0.25 0.59 0.112 26.6 6.4
sensitivity (S* = S/f0) 0.633 0.32 0.164 0.85 0.285
Tab.1  Comparison of performance of reported EIT-based sensor
Fig.6  (a) Transmission spectrum under different polarizations; (b) transmission spectra at different refractive indices. The polarization angle q = 60°
Fig.7  (a) Geometric diagram of structure. The red region is photosensitive silicon; (b) transmission spectrum, (c) phase shift, and (d) group delay of the EIT metamaterial with increasing the conductivity dSi
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