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Frontier research of ultra-high-speed ultra-large-capacity and ultra-long-haul optical transmission
Daojun XUE,Shaohua YU,Qi YANG,Nan CHI,Lan RAO,Xiangjun XIN,Wei LI,Songnian FU,Sheng CUI,Demin LIU,Zhuo LI,Aijun WEN,Chongxiu YU,Xinmei WANG
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 123-137.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0612-5
Ultra-high-speed, ultra-large-capacity and ultra-long-haul (3U) are the forever pursuit of optical communication. As a new mode of optical communication, 3U transmission can greatly promote next generation optical internet and broadband mobile communication network development and technological progress, therefore it has become the focus of international high-tech intellectual property competition ground. This paper introduces the scientific problems, key technologies and important achievements in 3U transmission research.
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Novel optoelectronic characteristics from manipulating general energy-bands by nanostructures
Yidong HUANG, Kaiyu CUI, Fang LIU, Xue FENG, Wei ZHANG
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 151-159.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0615-2
This paper summarizes our research work on optoelectronic devices with nanostructures. It was indicated that by manipulating so called “general energy-bands” of fundamental particles or quasi-particles, such as photon, phonon, and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), novel optoelectronic characteristics can be obtained, which results in a series of new functional devices. A silicon based optical switch with an extremely broadband of 24 nm and an ultra-compact (8 mm × 17.6 mm) footprint was demonstrated with a photonic crystal slow light waveguides. By proposing a nanobeam based hetero optomechanical crystal, a high phonon frequency of 5.66 GHz was realized experimentally. Also, we observed and verified a novel effect of two-surface-plasmon-absorption (TSPA), and realized diffraction-limit-overcoming photolithography with resolution of ~1/11 of the exposure wavelength.
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Researches in microwave photonics based packages for millimeter wave system with wide bandwidth and large dynamic range
Xiaoping ZHENG,Shangyuan LI,Hanyi ZHANG,Bingkun ZHOU
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 186-193.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0622-3
This paper presents an introduction to the researches in microwave photonics based packages and its application, a 973 project (No. 2012CB315600), which focuses on addressing new requirements for millimeter wave (MMW) system to work with higher frequency, wider bandwidth, larger dynamic range and longer distance of signal distribution. Its key scientific problems, main research contents and objectives are briefed, and some latest achievements by the project team, including generation of linear frequency modulation wave (LFMW), tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with lower phase noise, reconfigurable filter with higher Q value, time delay line with wider frequency range, down conversion with gain, and local oscillator (LO) transmission with stable phase, are introduced briefly.
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Manipulating optical vortices using integrated photonics
Ning ZHANG,Kenan CICEK,Jiangbo ZHU,Shimao LI,Huanlu LI,Marc SOREL,Xinlun CAI,Siyuan YU
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 194-205.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0623-2
Optical vortices (OVs) refer to a class of cylindrical optical modes with azimuthally varying phase terms arising either from polarization rotation or from the angular projection of the wave vector that at the quantum level corresponds to photon spin or orbital angular momenta. OVs have attracted the attention of researchers in many areas of optics and photonics, as their potential applications range from optical communications, optical manipulation, imaging, sensing, to quantum information. In recent years, integrated photonics has becomes an effective method of manipulating OVs. In this paper, the theoretical framework and experimental progress of integrated photonics for the manipulation of OVs were reviewed.
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Review of design principles of 2D photonic crystal microcavity biosensors in silicon and their applications
Swapnajit CHAKRAVARTY,Xiangning CHEN,Naimei TANG,Wei-Cheng LAI,Yi ZOU,Hai YAN,Ray T. CHEN
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 206-224.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0631-2
In this paper, we reviewed the design principles of two-dimensional (2D) silicon photonic crystal microcavity (PCM) biosensors coupled to photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). Microcavity radiation loss is controlled by engineered the cavity mode volume. Coupling loss into the waveguide is controlled by adjusting the position of the microcavity from the waveguide. We also investigated the dependence of analyte overlap integral (also called fill fraction) of the resonant mode as well as the effect of group index of the coupling waveguide at the resonant wavelength of the microcavity. In addition to the cavity properties, absorbance of the sensing medium or analyte together with the affinity constant of the probe and target biomarkers involved in the biochemical reaction also limits the minimum detection limits. We summarized our results in applications in cancer biomarker detection, heavy metal sensing and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Progress on mid-IR graphene photonics and biochemical applications
Zhenzhou CHENG,Changyuan QIN,Fengqiu WANG,Hao HE,Keisuke GODA
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 259-269.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0618-z
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) (2-20 μm) photonics has numerous chemical and biologic “fingerprint” sensing applications due to characteristic vibrational transitions of molecules in the mid-IR spectral region. Unfortunately, compared to visible light and telecommunication band wavelengths, photonic devices and applications have been difficult to develop at mid-IR wavelengths because of the intrinsic limitation of conventional materials. Breaking a new ground in the mid-IR science and technology calls for revolutionary materials. Graphene, a single atom layer of carbon arranged in a honey-comb lattice, has various promising optical and electrical properties because of its linear dispersion band structure and zero band gap features. In this review article, we discuss recent research developments on mid-IR graphene photonics, in particular ultrafast lasers and photodetectors. Graphene-photonics-based biochemical applications, such as plasmonic sensing, photodynamic therapy, and florescence imaging are also reviewed.
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Dual-periodic-microstructure-induced color tunable white organic light-emitting devices
Yangang BI, Jinhai JI, Yang CHEN, Yushan LIU, Xulin ZHANG, Yunfei LI, Ming XU, Yuefeng LIU, Xiaochi HAN, Qiang GAO, Hongbo SUN
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 283-289.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0617-0
In this paper, we demonstrate a color tunable white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) based on the two complementary color strategies by introducing two-dimensional (2-D) dual periodic gratings. It is possible to tune the color in a range between cold-white and warm-white by simply operating the polarization of polarizer in front of the microstructured WOLEDs. Experimental and numerical results demonstrate that color tunability of the WOLEDs comes from the effect of the 2-D dual periodic gratings by exciting the surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) resonance associated with the cathode/organic interface. The electroluminescence (EL) performance of the WOLEDs have also been improved due to the effective light extraction by excitation and out-coupling of the SPP modes, and a 39.65% enhancement of current efficiency has been obtained compared to the conventional planar devices.
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Influence of temperature and reverse bias on photocurrent spectrum and supra-bandgap spectral response of monolithic GaInP/GaAs double-junction solar cell
Zhuo DENG,Jiqiang NING,Rongxin WANG,Zhicheng SU,Shijie XU,Zheng XING,Shulong LU,Jianrong DONG,Hui YANG
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 306-311.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0599-y
In this paper, influence of temperature and reverse bias on photocurrent spectrum and spectral response of a monolithic GaInP/GaAs double-junction solar cell was investigated in detail. Two sharp spectral response offsets, corresponding to the bandedge photo absorption of the bottom GaAs and the top GaInP subcells, respectively, show the starting response points of individual subcells. More interestingly, the cell photocurrent was found to enhance significantly with increasing the temperature. In addition, the cell photocurrent also increases obviously as the reverse bias voltage increases. The integrated photocurrent intensity of the top GaInP subcell was particularly addressed. A theoretical model was proposed to simulate the reverse bias dependence of the integrated photocurrent of the GaInP subcell at different temperatures.
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Single crystal erbium compound nanowires as high gain material for on-chip light source applications
Zhicheng LIU,Hao SUN,Leijun YIN,Yongzhuo LI,Jianxing ZHANG,Cun-Zheng NING
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 312-317.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0620-5
Integrated photonics requires high gain optical materials in the telecom wavelength range for optical amplifiers and coherent light sources. Erbium (Er) containing materials are ideal candidates due to the 1.5 μm emission from Er3+ ions. However, the Er density in typical Er-doped materials is less than 1020 cm-3, thus limiting the maximum optical gain to a few dB/cm, too small to be useful for integrated photonic applications. Er compounds could potentially solve this problem since they contain much higher Er3+ density. So far the existing Er compounds suffer from short lifetime and strong upconversion effects, mainly due to poor crystal qualities. Recently, we explore a new Er compound: erbium chloride silicate (ECS, Er3(SiO4)2Cl) in the form of nanowire, which facilitates the growth of high quality single crystal with relatively large Er3+ density (1.62 × 1022 cm–3). Previous optical results show that the high crystal quality of ECS material leads to a long lifetime up to 1 ms. The Er lifetime-density product was found to be the largest among all the Er containing materials. Pump-probe experiments demonstrated a 644 dB/cm signal enhancement and 30 dB/cm net gain per unit length from a single ECS wire. As a result, such high-gain ECS nanowires can be potentially fabricated into ultra-compact lasers. Even though a single ECS nanowire naturally serves as good waveguide, additional feedback mechanism is needed to form an ultra-compact laser. In this work, we demonstrate the direct fabrication of 1D photonic crystal (PhC) air hole array structure on a single ECS nanowire using focused ion beam (FIB). Transmission measurement shows polarization-dependent stop-band behavior. For transverse electric (TE) polarization, we observed stop-band suppression as much as 12 dB with a 9 μm long airholed structure. Through numerical simulation, we showed that Q-factor as high as 11000 can be achieved at 1.53 μm for a 1D PhC micro-cavity on an ECS nanowire. Such a high Q cavity combined with the high material gain of ECS nanowires provides an attractive solution for ultra-compact lasers, an important goal of this research.
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Size-dependent optical properties of InGaN quantum dots in GaN nanowires grown by MBE
Yanxiong E,Zhibiao HAO,Jiadong YU,Chao WU,Lai WANG,Bing XIONG,Jian WANG,Yanjun HAN,Changzheng SUN,Yi LUO
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 318-322.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0613-4
Quantum dots in nanowires (DINWs) are considered as important building blocks for novel nanoscale semiconductor optoelectronic devices. In this paper, pure axial heterojunction InGaN/GaN DINWs are grown by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) system. The InGaN quantum dots (QDs) are disk-like observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of QDs can be controlled by the growth conditions of nanowires (NWs), while the thickness of QDs can be controlled by the growth time of InGaN. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) measurements demonstrate that the PL peak of DINWs with small and uniform sizes shows a general red shift with increasing temperature. However, the PL peak of DINWs with non-uniform sizes shows an abnormal blue shift with increasing temperature, which is due to different internal quantum efficiencies of the DINWs with different sizes.
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Laser annealing of SiO2 film deposited by ICPECVD for fabrication of silicon based low loss waveguide
Ya’nan WANG,Yi LUO,Changzheng SUN,Bing XIONG,Jian WANG,Zhibiao HAO,Yanjun HAN,Lai WANG,Hongtao LI
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 323-329.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0616-1
Laser annealing of silicon dioxide (SiO2) film formed by inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICPECVD) is studied for the fabrication of low loss silicon based waveguide. The influence of laser annealing on ICPECVD-deposited SiO2 film is investigated. The surface roughness, refractive index, and etch rate of annealed samples are compared with those of SiO2 film obtained by thermal oxidation. It is demonstrated that the performance of ICPECVD-deposited SiO2 film can be significantly improved by laser annealing. Al2O3/SiO2 waveguide has been fabricated on silicon substrate with the SiO2 lower cladding formed by ICPECVD and laser annealing process, and its propagation loss is found to be comparable with that of the waveguide with thermally oxidized lower cladding.
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Simple dynamic energy core equivalent rays method to design freeform surface for extended source
Kun WANG,Yanjun HAN,Hongtao LI,Yi LUO,Zhibiao HAO,Lai WANG,Changzheng SUN,Bing XIONG,Jian WANG
Front. Optoelectron.. 2016, 9 (2): 330-337.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0619-y
A simple method is proposed to design freeform surface for Lambertian extended source. In this method, it can take advantage of the designing method for point source via substituting each incident ray with a dynamically calculated equivalent ray. For each facet on the freeform surface, the equivalent ray emits from the energy weighted average-emitting-position for the corresponding incident beam, and redirects into the direction which is determined by a source-to-target mapping. The results of the designing examples show that the light distributions’ uniformities can be improved by this method, e.g., even the improvement of 59% can be achieved.
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